Table 2 Sample characteristics, all participants

Trenkwalder 1992 [46]

Germany, NR

HIV+ 50

M 96

F 4

42.5 (9.3)

NR

NR

4 / NR / NR

NR/Yes/Various neurological deficits

HIV- 50

NR

37.5 (11.0)

NR

NR

NR / NR / NR

NR / NR / Healthy

Arendt 1994 [47]

Germany, NR

HIV+ 46

M 74

F 26

ASX: 36.33 (9.18)

SX: 38.8 (8.38)

NR

NR

0 / 0 / NR

NR / No / HIV type-1-related encephalopathy (n = 10)

HIV- 38

M 53

F 47

37.7 (10.21)

NR

NR

NR / NR / NR

NR / NR / Healthy

Beckley 1998 [50]

USA, NR

HIV+ 9

M 89

F 11

38.9 (10.7)

NR

NR

0 / 0 / NR

NR / No / PGL (n = 2); Opportunistic infection (n = 3)

HIV- 10^a

M 50

F 50

34.3 (7.8)

NR

NR

NR / NR / NR

NR / No / Healthy

Bauer 2005 [7]

USA, outpatient infectious disease clinics

HIV+ 90

M 39

F 61

NRx: 40 (7.2)

NNRTI: 40 (5.9)

PI: 39 (6.4)

NR

NRx:

11.5 (1.6);

NNRTI:

11.6 (1.7);

PI:

12.1 (2.6)

Large % Hx of drug abuse/NRx: 39.3%; NNRTI: 40%; PI: 35.1%/NR

NRx: 42.9%, NNRTI: 28%, PI: 35.1%/NR/Exclusion criteria eliminated major psychiatric-, medical- & neurological disorders

HIV- 78

M 47.4

F 52.6

38 (7.1)

NR

12.6 (2.2)

Large % Hx of drug abuse/16.7%/NR

17.9% / NR / Healthy

Simmonds 2005 [49]

USA, out- patient AIDS facility

HIV+ 100

M 78

F 22

40.70 (7.49)

NR

NR

NR / NR / NR

NR / No / Exclusion criteria eliminated major medical & neurological disorders

HIV- 105^a

M 37

F 63

44.9 (14.7)

NR

NR

NR / NR / NR

NR / No / Healthy

Dellepiane 2005 [48]

Italy, NR

HIV+ 30

M 40

F 60

ASX: 28 (NR)

AIDS: 32.8 (NR)

NR

NR

NR / NR / NR

NR / NR / Alcoholic cirrhosis (n = 1); no neurological or oto-neurological symptoms

HIV- 55

M 64

F 36

35 (NR)

NR

NR

NR / NR / NR

NR / NR / Healthy

Scott 2005 [35]

USA, HIV clinic

HIV+ 27

M 100

48.7 (6.5)

24.2 (4.1)

NR

NR / NR / NR

NR / NR / Exclusion criteria eliminated major medical & neurological disorders

Richert 2011 [8]

France, HIV clinics

HIV+ 324

M 80

F 20

^b47.6 (41.8, 53.9)

^b22.5 (20.6, 24.6)

NR

NR / NR / NR

NR / 14% / Hepatitis B: 7%, Hepatitis C: 19%

Bauer 2011 [22]

USA, outpatient infectious disease clinics

HIV+ 121

M 58

F 42

BMI < 21: 39.4 (1.0); BMI 21–29: 40.9 (0.8);

BMI > 29: 37.6 (1.2)

<21(n = 35);

21–29 (n = 61); >29(n = 25)

NR

No differences between groups/No differences between groups/NR

Significant differences (P < 0.05)/NR/Exclusion criteria eliminated major psychiatric-, medical- & neurological disorders

HIV- 86

M 49

F 51

BMI < 21: 38.5 (1.3);

BMI 21–29: 38.0 (1.1); BMI > 29: 36.6 (1.0)

<21(n = 2); 21–29 (n = 30);

>29 (n = 35)

NR

No differences between groups/No differences between groups/NR

Significant differences (P < 0.05)/NR/Healthy

Sullivan 2011 [21]

USA, HIV clinics, local community

HIV+ 40

M 70

F 30

41 (NR)

M 25.4 (3.34);

F 26 (3.16)

M 14.1 (3.05);

F 13.8 (2.67)

NR / No differences between groups/M 43%, F 20%

BDI: M 10.5 (8.33); F 12.8 (9.26)/M 26%, F 17%/NR

HIV- 83

M 48

F 52

44 (NR)

M 26.9 (4.83);

F 24.7 (4.49)

M 15.9 (2.27);

F 15.3 (2.00)

NR / No differences between groups/M 10%, F 0%

BDI: M 2.08 (2.33), F 2.9 (3.08)/NR/Without medical or psychiatric conditions

Erlandson 2012a [10]

USA, Infectious Diseases Group Practice clinic

HIV+ 359

M 85

F 15

^b50.8 (47.7, 55.7)

NR

NR

IDU (<1%), Cocaine (<1%), Marijuana (23%) / >7 drinks/wk. (4%) / Current: 34%

NR /NR/NR

Erlandson 2012b [18]

USA, Infectious Diseases Group Practice clinic

HIV+ 359

M 85

F 15

52 (0.3)

NR

NR

Current IDU (<1%) / >7 drinks/wk.: Non-fallers (4%), Single fallers (7%), Re-fallers (2%) / Non-fallers (30%), Single-fallers (42%), Re-fallers (47%)

NR/NR/30% reported ≥1 falls during the past year (of those, 61% were recurrent fallers)

Cohen 2012 [45]

USA, multiple clinical subsites

HIV+ 247

M 51

F 49

48.9 (8.9)

NR

NR

NR/No/NR

NR/NR/Exclusion criteria eliminated spinal injury, vestibular impairment, use of narcotics, antihistamines or sedatives within 48 h of testing

HIV- 200

M 84

F 16

54.2 (11.2)

NR

NR

NR/No/NR

NR/NR/NR

Beans 2013 [43]

USA, Baltimore VA Medical Center

HIV+ 45

M 100

54.4 (6.3)

<25 (51.1%)

≥25 (48.9%)

NR

NR/NR/69.0%

NR/NR/Diabetes 26.7%, Hepatitis C 71.1%, Hypertension 68.9%, Chronic Pulmonary Disease 20%, Dyslipidemia 36.4%, Anemia 24.4%

HIV- 27

M 100

54.7 (6.2)

<25 (32.4%)

≥25 (67.6%)

NR

NR/NR/56.8%

NR/NR/Diabetes 18.9%, Hepatitis C 55.6%, Hypertension 73%, Chronic Pulmonary Disease 29.7%, Dyslipidemia 25.8%, Anemia 37.8%

Mbada 2013 [44]

Nigeria, Virology Research Clinic

HIV+ 37

M 40.5

F 59.5

35.68 (7.71)

22.77 (4.17)

NR

NR/NR/NR

NR/NR/NR

HIV- 37

M 40.5

F 59.5

35.73 (7.88)

24.31 (4.24)

NR

NR/NR/NR

NR/NR/Healthy

Richert 2014 [9]

France, HIV clinics

HIV+ 178

M 81

F 19

^b48 (43, 56)

^b22.2 (20.5, 24.5)

NR

Prior IDU (14%)/NR/NR

NR/NR/Cerebral CDC stage C condition: 3%, Hepatitis B: 7%, Hepatitis C: 20%

Erlandson 2014 [12]

USA, Infectious Diseases clinic

HIV+ 359

M 85

F 15

52 (5.2)

26.4 (6.0)

NR

Current IDU (<1%) /NR/NR

NR/NR/NR