The effects of therapeutic hip exercise with abdominal core activation on recruitment of the hip muscles

Table 5 Comparisons of EMG activity in terms of %MVIC with mean (SD) of the hip and thigh muscles between two core pre-activation conditions

Exercise	Phase	GMed			UGMax			LGMax			BF
Exercise	Phase	NCA	ECA	P-value	NCA	ECA	P-value	NCA	ECA	P- value	NCA	ECA	P-value
Clam	Concentric	12.27 (6.79)	14.89 (5.93)	0.026^{a, b}	35.37 (19.68)	33.01 (25.50)	0.405	4.90 (3.42)	5.81 (4.33)	0.071	1.75 (1.33)	2.41 (2.00)	0.008^b
	Isometric	15.63 (10.53)	18.39 (10.66)	0.002^b	50.41 (37.42)	51.07 (35.56)	0.796	5.28 (3.60)	5.71 (4.16)	0.219	2.12 (1.42)	3.44 (3.18)	0.033^b
	Eccentric	7.27 (4.48)	10.48 (5.92)	0.007^b	20.50 (15.52)	24.12 (18.38)	0.088	3.04 (2.03)	3.94 (1.93)	0.003^b	1.87 (1.24)	4.64 (3.83)	0.001^b
HABD	Concentric	27.52 (9.1)2	31.38 (12.02)	0.057^a	29.06 (23.31)	30.20 (22.30)	0.728	3.75 (2.38)	4.80 (3.85)	0.058	1.08 (0.72)	1.86 (1.20)	0.005^b
	Isometric	28.89 (7.92)	31.20 (10.10)	0.096	39.63 (28.29)	42.91 (27.47)	0.466	4.19 (2.67)	4.88 (3.24)	0.058	0.98 (0.55)	1.70 (1.05)	0.003^b
	Eccentric	14.89 (5.02)	19.33 (5.94)	0.004^{a, b}	17.97 (14.69)	19.56 (10.51)	0.353	2.79 (1.76)	3.63 (2.11)	0.004^b	1.03 (0.68)	1.88 (0.86)	<0.001^b
PHE	Concentric	15.81 (10.28)	20.24 (10.57)	0.002^b	14.82 (5.47)	19.74 (9.12)	0.002^{a, b}	20.09 (8.00)	25.62 (16.68)	0.071	12.26 (5.66)	17.23 (12.28)	0.019^b
	Isometric	22.15 (14.90)	30.28 (15.84)	<0.001^b	22.87 (9.21)	30.98 (16.51)	0.004^b	26.62 (10.82)	36.01 (22.27)	0.013^b	15.27 (7.91)	20.30 (12.21)	0.008^b
	Eccentric	10.97 (6.32)	12.92 (4.40)	0.121	12.32 (4.43)	16.62 (4.46)	<0.001^{a, b}	11.73 (4.27)	14.56 (7.12)	0.021^b	9.47 (4.50)	12.25 (8.20)	0.074

BF Biceps femoris, ECA Enhanced core activation, HABD Hip abduction, GMed Gluteus medius, LGMax Lower part of gluteus maximus, NCA Natural core activation, PHE Prone hip extension, UGMax Upper part of gluteus maximus. ^aindicates paired t-test otherwise Wilcoxon Signed rank test was used and ^bindicates significant difference between two core conditions