Effect of vitamin E on oxidative stress level in blood, synovial fluid, and synovial tissue in severe knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled study

Table 4 Oxidative stress and antioxidative capacity measurements from blood samples

	Group A (placebo)	Group B (vitamin E)	p value
Oxidative agents and products
- Nitrite (μM)
Pre-intervention	5.55 ± 0.57	5.60 ± 1.09	0.96
Post-intervention	5.63 ± 0.58	3.89 ± 1.25	0.19
∆ (post − pre)	0.08 ± 0.03	−1.70 ± 1.2	0.12
- Malondialdehyde (μM)
Pre-intervention	1.32 ± 0.11	1.43 ± 0.07	0.43
Post-intervention	1.34 ± 0.10	1.00 ± 0.09	0.02^a
∆ (post − pre)	0.01 ± 0.02	−0.79 ± 0.39	0.03^a
Antioxidative agents
- Alpha-tocophorol (μg/ml)
Pre-intervention	15.50 ± 0.98	16.24 ± 0.99	0.59
Post-intervention	15.92 ± 1.08	24.65 ± 1.47	<0.01^a
∆ (post − pre)	0.43 ± 0.33	8.41 ± 1.18	<0.01^a
- FRAP (mM)
Pre-intervention	923.30 ± 29.46	905.20 ± 35.16	0.69
Post-intervention	951.30 ± 29.03	1020 ± 40.22	0.17
∆ (post − pre)	28.01 ± 9.11	114.4 ± 35.19	0.01^a
- TEAC (mM)
Pre-intervention	4.26 ± 0.10	4.56 ± 0.14	0.08
Post-intervention	4.22 ± 0.10	5.04 ± 0.10	<0.01^a
∆ (post − pre)	−0.04 ± 0.05	0.89 ± 0.45	0.03^a

Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation
P value represent the test between groups
FRAP ferric reducing antioxidant power, TEAC Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity
^aStatistically significant

ISSN: 1471-2474