Table 1 Depiction of the recorded body/joint angles based on DIN-EN 1005–4, applied evaluation parameters and assessment criteria according to ergonomic layouts
From: Restricted posture in dentistry – a kinematic analysis of orthodontists
Body areas | Joint/Body area | Degree of freedom according to medical Definitions (posture concept) | Angle range according to ergonomic standards |
|---|---|---|---|
Head/neck | Head | flexion/extension (H_f) (44) | Neutral: 0 to 25° Moderate: 25to 85° Awkward: < 0° & > 85° |
lateral inclination (H_li) (44) | Neutral: −10 to 10° Awkward: < −10° & >10° | ||
Cervical spine (CS) | flexion/extension (CS_f) (44) | Neutral: 0 to 25° Awkward: < 0° & > 25° | |
lateral flexion (CS_lf) (44) | Neutral: −10 to 10° Awkward: < −10° & >10° | ||
Back | Thoracic spine (TS) | flexion/extension (TS_f) (44) | Neutral: 0 to 20° Moderate: 20 to 60° Awkward: < 0° & > 60° |
lateral flexion (TS_lf) (44) | Neutral: −10 to 10° Moderate: −10 to −20° Moderate: 10 to 20° Awkward: < −20° & > 20 | ||
Lumbar spine (LS) | flexion/extension (LS_f) | No ergonomic layout available | |
lateral flexion (LS_lf) | |||
Torso (T) | flexion/extension (T_f) (44) | Neutral: 0 to 20° Moderate: 20 to 40° Awkward: < 0° & > 40° | |
Inclination (T_i) (44) | Neutral: 0 to 20° Moderate: 20 to 60° Awkward: < 0°& > 60° | ||
Lateral inclination (T_li) (44) | Neutral: −10 to 10° Moderate: −10 to −20° Moderate: 10 to 20° Awkward: < −20° & > 20° | ||
torsion (T_t) (44) |