Prevalence of low back pain in emergency settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Edwards, Jordan; Hayden, Jill; Asbridge, Mark; Gregoire, Bruce; Magee, Kirk

doi:10.1186/s12891-017-1511-7

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders

Table 1 Methods and results of included studies

From: Prevalence of low back pain in emergency settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Study	Location of study	Duration of data collection	ED Setting	Health Care System Funding	Age (Mean/ Median)	Sex (%Fem)	Definition of LBP	Coding System,	Sample Size	Prevalence Estimate
Angeletti, 2013	Italy	1-12 months	Non-Standard ED: Presidium (Post Seismic Period)	Private	53^c	36^d	Narrow	Diagnosis-Patient Charts	958	4.9%
Astete, 2016	Spain	1-5 Years	Standard ED: Metropolitan	Public	57	61	Narrow	Diagnosis	2000^g	2.9%
Cordell, 2002	USA	<Month	Standard ED: Metropolitan	Private	30	55	Narrow	Complaint	1665	7.6%
Dutch, 2008	Australia	1-5 Years	3 Standard EDs: Metropolitan	Private	>18	-	Broad	Complaint	104 705^g	3.3%
Fialho, 2011	Brazil	<Month	Standard ED: Metropolitan	Public	41^c	58^d	Narrow	Complaint- Patient Charts	392	8.4%
Hoppe, 2013	USA	1-12 Months	Standard ED: Metropolitan	Private	38	49	Broad	Complaint-EDIS	300⁷	5.4%
Kao, 2014^a	USA	≥5 Years	Standard ED: National Representation	Private	44	45	Broad	Diagnosis-ICD-9^f	323 186- 1.1 Billion	3.99%
Friedman, 2010^a	USA	≥5 Years	Standard ED: National Representation	Private	40	51	Narrow^e	Diagnosis-ICD-9^f	183 64 3 -114 million	2.3%
Niska, 2010^a	USA	1-5 Years	Standard ED: National Representation	Private	>18	47	Narrow	Diagnosis-ICD-9^f	39 393 000	1.9%
Lovegrove, 2011	Australia	1-5 Years	Standard ED: Metropolitan (All EDs in Perth)	Private	46^c	51^d	Broad	Complaint-EDIS	1 171 731	1.9%
Mapoure, 2015	Cameroon	≥5 Years	Standard ED: Metropolitan	Public	40	51	Narrow^e	Diagnosis-ICD-9^f	183 633	2.3%
Marinos, 2008	Greece	1-5 Years	Non-Standard ED: Orthopedic	Private	>18	47	Narrow	Diagnosis-ICD-9	39 172	17.1%
NHAMCS, 2010	USA	1-5 Years	Standard ED: National Representation	Private	37^b	57	Narrow	Diagnosis-ICD-9	84 886 000	3.7%
Owens, 2008	USA	1-5 Years	Standard ED: National Representation	Private	47	57	Broad	Complaint-ICD-9^f	128 350 000	5.8%
Philips 2012	Barbados	1-12 Months	Non-Standard ED: Emergency Calls	Private	-	-	Broad	Complaint	8875	0.9%
Ross, 2003	USA	≥5 Years	Standard ED: Metropolitan Observation Unit	Private	53	59	Broad	Diagnosis	22530	4.9%
Silman, 2000	UK	1-12 months	2 Standard EDs: Metropolitan	Public	>18	-	Narrow	Complaint-Survey	A: 5147 B: 1459	A: 3.2% B: 4.7% (Pooled 3.5)
Tcherny-Lessenot, 2003	France	<Month	Standard ED: Metropolitan	Public	37	50	Broad	Complaint-Survey	729^g	10.8%
Thiruga-nasamban-damoorthy, 2014	Canada	1-12 months	2 Standard EDs: Metropolitan	Public	49^c	51^d	Narrow	Diagnosis-ICD-10^f	31705	2.2%
Waterman, 2012	USA	≥5 Years	Standard ED: National Representation	Private	39^c	49^d	Narrow	Diagnosis-ICD-9^f	1 820 000	3.15%
Yan, 2015	Cambodia	1-12 months	2 Standard EDs: Metropolitan	Private	42	64	Broad	Complaint	1295	5.6%

Notes: “Definition of LBP”, “Narrow” indicates studies using narrow definitions of low back pain. They used a definition of ‘low back pain’ or ‘non-specific low back pain’, or were limited to pain complaints in the lumbar region, while “Broad” indicates studies using broad definitions of low back pain. They used a general definition of ‘back pain’ to define their prevalence estimate, which may have included some individuals with back pain in regions other than the low back pain (for example, thoracic spine). “Coding System”. “Complaint” indicates studies using presenting complaints for their definitions of low back pain while “Diagnosis” indicates studies using diagnosis codes for their definition. ^a: Indicates that studies used the same database. ^b: Had to calculate age using age ranges. ^c: indicates that the age calculation was derived from the back pain population, not the entire presenting population, (>18) indicates that the study collected data from an adult population 18+. ^d: indicates that the % female calculation was derived from the back pain population, as opposed to the entire presenting population to the ED. ^e: Complaint, patients presenting with a complaint of back pain to the ED, Diagnosis, patients diagnosed with back pain in the ED. 5 = NON-SPECIFIC. ^f: indicates that the study used and presented specific codes for their definitions of LBP. ^g: Astete: random sample chosen from all patients presenting to the ED, Dutch: excluded younger than 18, left before being seen by a physician, dead on arrival and trauma patients. Tcherny-Lessenot: Survey data, missing some individuals who could not fill out survey or too many presenting to the ED at one time, Hoppe: Individuals were receiving opioid in the population they used to explore back pain, Thirun: Used age and sex for patients with serious pathology

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ISSN: 1471-2474

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