Table 3 Surgical and Peri-Operative Management
Open N = 162 N (%) | Closed N = 625 N (%) | Total N = 787 N (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
Duration time from injury to surgery (hours) (Mean ± SD) | 64.0 ± 108.0 | 76.0 ± 108.0 | 73.1 ± 107.5 |
Duration time from hospital admission to surgery (hours) (Mean ± SD) | 55.1 ± 78.0 | 59.0 ± 78.0 | 58.1 ± 77.3 |
Previous irrigation and debridement | 57 (35.2%) | 1 (0.2%) | 58 (6.5%) |
Duration of definitive fixation surgery (hours) (Mean ± SD) | 2.12 ± 1.0 | 1.53 ± 1.0 | 1.57 ± 1.0 |
Method of fixation | |||
Plate | 32 (19.8%) | 308 (49.3%) | 340 (43.2%) |
Reamed intramedullary nail | 102 (63.0%) | 223 (35.7%) | 325 (41.3%) |
Screw | 7 (4.3%) | 62 (9.9%) | 69 (8.8%) |
Unreamed intramedullary nail | 13 (8.0%) | 16 (2.6%) | 29 (3.7%) |
Screw and wire | 4 (2.5%) | 5 (0.8%) | 9 (1.1%) |
Wire | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (0.8%) | 5 (0.6%) |
Intramedullary nail (unspecified) | 3 (1.9%) | 1 (0.2%) | 4 (0.5%) |
Plate and wire | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (0.3%) | 2 (0.3%) |
Plate and reamed nail | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.2%) | 1 (0.1%) |
External fixator | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.2%) | 1 (0.1%) |
Implant manufacturer | |||
Local | 147 (90.7%) | 530 (84.8%) | 677 (86.0%) |
Global | 15 (9.3%) | 95 (15.2%) | 110 (14.0%) |
Additional surgical procedures performed | 43 (26.5%) | 89 (14.2%) | 132 (16.8%) |
Antibiotics administered during surgery | 149 (92.0%) | 576 (92.2%) | 725 (92.1%) |
Participant returned to operating room for repeat debridement/irrigation | 9 (5.6%) | 1 (0.2%) | 10 (1.3%) |
Antibiotics received post-operative | 157 (97.5%) | 605 (97.0%) | 762 (96.8%) |
Planned duration of post-op antibiotics | 9.1 days ± 5.0 | 8.3 days ± 5.0 | 8.5 days ± 5.0 |
Drains used post-op | 110 (68.3%) | 354 (56.7%) | 464 (59.11%) |
Wound manually cleaned | 152 (94.4%) | 415 (66.5%) | 567 (72.3%) |