Table 1 Participant Demographics
Characteristic | N (%) N = 787 |
|---|---|
Age (mean ± SD) | 40.1 ± 14.0 |
Sex | |
Female | 159 (20.2%) |
Male | 628 (79.8%) |
Ethnicity | |
Indian | 787 (100.0%) |
Education | |
None | 52 (6.6%) |
Primary school | 74 (9.4%) |
Secondary school | 266 (33.8%) |
Junior college | 112 (14.2%) |
University | 283 (36.0%) |
Insurance | |
None | 650 (82.6%) |
Governmental | 27 (3.4%) |
Private | 110 (14.0%) |
Smoker | |
No | 752 (95.6%) |
Yes | 22 (2.8%) |
Former | 13 (1.7%) |
Co-morbidity | |
None | 700 (88.9%) |
Yesa | 87 (11.1%) |
High Blood Pressure | 54 (62.1%) |
Heart Disease | 16 (18.4%) |
Osteoporosis | 5 (5.7%) |
Osteoarthritis or | 5 (5.7%) |
Degenerative Arthritis | |
Lung Disease | 4 (4.6%) |
Stomach Disease or | 3 (3.4%) |
Ulcer | |
Kidney Disease | 2 (2.3%) |
Liver Disease | 2 (2.3%) |
Hepatitis B | 2 (2.3%) |
Epilepsy | 2 (2.3%) |
Blood Disorder or | 1 (1.1%) |
Anemia | |
Osteopenia | 1 (1.1%) |
Cancer | 1 (1.1%) |
Cervical Tubercular | 1 (1.1%) |
Lymphadenitis | |
Fever Since 2 Days | 1 (1.1%) |
Cough | 1 (1.1%) |
Hyperlipidemia | 1 (1.1%) |
Unspecified | 1 (1.1%) |
Diabetic | |
No | 734 (93.3%) |
Yes – Insulin-dependent | 24 (3.0%) |
Yes – Insulin-independent | 29 (3.7%) |