Changes in clinical symptoms and functional disability in patients with coexisting patellofemoral and tibiofemoral osteoarthritis: a 1-year prospective cohort study

Table 3 Changes in the JKOM and VAS scores after 1 year of follow-up

Variables	TFOA + PFOA (n = 45)			Isolated TFOA (n = 27)			Two-way ANCOVA^a
	Baseline	1-year follow-up	Mean change	Baseline	1-year follow-up	Mean change	Time^b	Group^c	Interaction
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean (95% CI)	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean (95% CI)	Adjusted P-value
JKOM
Pain and stiffness (0–32 points)	10.9 ± 6.14	11.3 ± 8.31	0.38 (-1.16, 1.92)	5.22 ± 3.72	4.85 ± 4.28	-0.37 (-1.72, 0.98)	0.996	<0.001	0.738
Activities of daily living (0–40 points)	11.2 ± 8.93	12.1 ± 9.10	0.93 (-1.18, 3.04)	4.15 ± 3.73	5.19 ± 5.31	1.04 (-0.43, 2.51)	0.430	<0.001	0.965
Participation in social activities (0–20 points)	5.33 ± 4.64	4.33 ± 4.24	-1.00 (-2.47, 0.47)	2.00 ± 2.12	2.62 ± 3.68	0.62 (-0.50, 1.73)	0.778	0.010	0.237
General health conditions (0–8 points)	3.20 ± 1.84	3.33 ± 1.51	0.13 (-0.42, 0.68)	2.63 ± 1.21	2.48 ± 1.50	-0.15 (-0.58, 0.28)	0.978	0.100	0.601
Total score (0–100 points)	30.0 ± 17.5	30.1 ± 20.0	0.12 (-4.24, 4.48)	13.8 ± 7.93	15.3 ± 11.7	1.48 (-2.07, 5.03)	0.769	<0.001	0.803
VAS score for knee pain, mm	40.8 ± 27.2	43.1 ± 30.9	2.33 (-6.15, 10.8)	26.9 ± 30.2	20.0 ± 18.8	-6.89 (-18.3, 4.57)	0.633	0.003	0.334

TFOA Tibiofemoral osteoarthritis, PFOA Patellofemoral osteoarthritis, ANCOVA Analysis of covariance, 95% CI 95% confidence interval, JKOM Japanese Knee Osteoarthritis Measure, VAS Visual analog scale
P-values indicating statistically significant differences (<0.05) are displayed in bold
^aAdjusted P-values were calculated from the ANCOVA adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index
^bBaseline vs. 1-year follow-up
^cPFOA + TFOA vs. isolated TFOA

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