Psychological risk and protective factors for disability in chronic low back pain – a longitudinal analysis in primary care

Table 4 Associations of predictors with follow-up disability, using multiple regression analysis

Explanatory Variables	β	95% CI	β_Stand	p – value (β)	Cohen’s f ²
Baseline disability	0.34	0.25, 0.44	0.33	< .001*	0.126
Age	0.41	0.26, 0.55	0.23	< .001*	0.075
Somatization	9.71	4.76, 14.67	0.19	< .001*	0.039
Depression	0.83	0.01, 1.64	0.10	.046	0.011
Time since onset of pain	1.19	−0.21, 2.59	0.07	.096	0.007
Coping resources	– 0.58	– 1.64, 1.64	– 0.05	.280	0.003
Resilience	– 0.83	– 2.96, 1.31	– 0.04	.446	0.002
Gender	0.64	– 3.47, 4.76	0.01	.759	<0.001
AIC	3766.12
R ²	0.35

β = regression coefficient; βstand = standardized regression coefficient; CI confidence interval
Cohen’s f ²: 0.02 = small effect size, 0.15 = medium effect size, 0.35 = large effect size
*p < Bonferroni-Holm adjusted α (1^st test: α = 0.05/8 = 0.006, 2^nd test: α = 0.05/7 = 0.007; 3^rd test: α = 0.05/6 = 0.008…)

ISSN: 1471-2474