Table 1 Sample characteristics
Characteristics | Final sample (n = 423) | Missing n (%) |
|---|---|---|
Female gender, n (%) | 244 (57.7) | 0 |
Age in years, mean (SD) | 56.6 (14.1) | 0 |
German nationality, n (%) | 408 (96.5) | 12 (2.8) |
Marital status, n (%) | 1 (0.2) | |
Single | 24 (5.7) | |
unmarried with partner | 23 (5.4) | |
married | 293 (69.3) | |
divorced or separated | 47 (11.1) | |
widowed | 35 (8.3) | |
Education graduation in years, n (%) | 2 (0.5) | |
9 years | 216 (51.1) | |
10 years | 130 (30.7) | |
12–13 years | 64 (15.1) | |
Other | 10 (2.4) | |
No graduation | 1 (0.2) | |
Currently working (employed), n (%) | 228 (53.9) | 1 (0.2) |
Amount of them currently on sick leave, n (%) | 79 (34.6) | 4 (1.8) |
Days on sick leave in the past 3 months, mean (SD) | 10.98 (21.58) | 21 (9.2) |
Reason for not working, n (%) | 2 (1.0) | |
unemployed | 16 (8.2) | |
pupil/student | 1 (0.5) | |
housewife | 30 (15.5) | |
disability pension | 16 (8.2) | |
retirement pension | 121 (62.4) | |
other type of pension | 8 (4.1) | |
Number of pain areas at baseline, mean (SD) | 3.08 (1.60) | 0 (0) |
Time since onset of back pain, n (%) | 0 (0) | |
< 1 year | 58 (13.7) | |
1 to 2 years | 37 (8.7) | |
2 to 5 years | 57 (13.5) | |
5 to 10 years | 58 (13.7) | |
> 10 years | 213 (50.4) | |
Chronic pain grade (Von-Korff), n (%) | 32 (7.6) | |
Grade 1 | 62 (14.7) | |
Grade 2 | 102 (24.1) | |
Grade 3 | 112 (26.5) | |
Grade 4 | 115 (27.2) | |
Korff-disability score (Range 0–100), mean (SD) | 49.4 (23.8) | 8 (1.9) |
Depression (HADS, Range 0–21), mean (SD) | 8.00 (3.11) | 6 (1.4) |
Clinically relevant depression, (HADS > 10), n (%) | 94 (22.2) | |
Somatization (SCL-90-R, Range 0–4), mean (SD) | 0.83 (0.48) | 14 (3.3) |
Resilience (RS11, Range 1–7), mean (SD) | 5.30 (1.16) | 25 (5.9) |
Coping resources (CRBPQ, Range 0–10), mean (SD) | 5.86 (2.12) | 17 (4.0) |