Table 2 Comparison of pre – and post observational values of measured parameters by gender
From: The weight of pupils’ schoolbags in early school age and its influence on body posture
Parameters | Sex | Before observation | During follow – up | P | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
X ± SD | Range | 95% CI | X ± SD | Range | 95% CI | |||
Plumb – line anal cleft (cm) | F | 0.3 ± 0.3 | 0–1 | 0.23–0.37 | 0.7 ± 0.5 | 0–2 | 0.6–0.8 | <0.0001a |
M | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 0–1 | 0.28–0.39 | 0.5 ± 0.5 | 0–2 | 0.4–0.6 | <0.013b | |
Scapulae level (°) | F | 0.9 ± 0.7 | 0–2 | 0.77–1.11 | 2.4 ± 0.7 | 0–3 | 2.2–2.6 | <0.0001a |
M | 1.0 ± 0.6 | 0–2 | 0.82–1.08 | 2.1 ± 0.7 | 0–3 | 1.9–2.2 | <0.0001a | |
Kyphosis angle (°) | F | 30.8 ± 4.4 | 22–36 | 29.69–31.8 | 35.1 ± 6.3 | 24–46 | 33.6–36.7 | <0.0001b |
M | 32.4 ± 4.0 | 21–36 | 31.52–33.22 | 34.9 ± 5.6 | 26–45 | 33.7–36.1 | <0.0001b | |
Lordosis angle (°) | F | 29.2 ± 4.5 | 24–36 | 28.1–30.28 | 32.6 ± 5.8 | 25–46 | 31.2–34.0 | <0.0001b |
M | 29.4 ± 4.8 | 24–36 | 28.34–30.4 | 30.6 ± 4.8 | 25–39 | 29.6–31.5 | <0.006a | |
Angle of trunk rotation C7 – Th1 (°) | F | 1.7 ± 0.9 | 0–3 | 1.5–1.95 | 2.0 ± 0.9 | 0–4 | 1.8–2.2 | <0.014a |
M | 2.0 ± 0.9 | 0–3 | 1.77–2.18 | 2.2 ± 1.0 | 0–4 | 2.0–2.4 | <0.034a | |
Angle of trunk rotation Th (°) | F | 2.1 ± 1.0 | 0–3 | 1.84–2.3 | 2.2 ± 0.8 | 1–5 | 2.0–2.4 | >0.24b |
M | 2.2 ± 0.9 | 0–3 | 2.0–2.4 | 2.6 ± 0.9 | 1–5 | 2.4–2.8 | <0.002a | |
Angle of trunk rotation Th-L/L(°) | F | 2.1 ± 0.8 | 1–3 | 1.9–2.27 | 2.3 ± 0.8 | 2–6 | 2.2–2.5 | <0.04b |
M | 2.1 ± 0.7 | 1–3 | 1.97–2.28 | 2.5 ± 0.8 | 2–6 | 2.4–2.7 | <0.0001a | |
Sum of trunk rotation (HUMP SUM°) | F | 2.3 ± 0.8 | 1–3 | 2.15–2.52 | 3.4 ± 1.3 | 2–7 | 3.1–3.7 | <0.0001a |
M | 2.6 ± 0.6 | 1–4 | 2.47–2.74 | 4.1 ± 1.5 | 2–8 | 3.8–4.4 | <0.0001b | |
Mathiass Test (sek) | F | 17.5 ± 9.6 | 1–30 | 15.19 - 19.86 | 17.1 ± 9.0 | 5–30 | 15.3–19.3 | >0.29b |
M | 17.3 ± 9.3 | 0–30 | 14.89 - 19.25 | 16.8 ± 8.1 | 4–30 | 15.1–18.6 | >0.23b | |