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Table 1 Summary of putative predictors and their source

From: Significant pain variability in persons with, or at high risk of, knee osteoarthritis: preliminary investigation based on secondary analysis of cohort data

Domain

Indicator

Demographic

Age; gender

Socioeconomic

Employment Status(employed, other); Occupational classa (managerial and professional, intermediate, routine and manual)

Attended further education; Married/cohabiting

Clinical history/Examination

Time since onset of problem (<1 year, 1 to <5 years, 5 to <10 years, 10+ years); Problem started following injury; Bilateral knee pain; Duration of morning stiffness; Knee given way during previous month; Visited a hospital doctor about knee problem; Presence and severity of palpable knee effusion (none, mild, moderate/gross); Nodal symptomatic hand OA

Radiographic Severity

Overall severity of radiographic OA: index knee (none, mild, moderate/severe)b

Compartmental distribution of radiographic OA: index knee (none, isolated TFJ, isolated PFJ, combined PFJ-TFJ)

Lifestyle factors

Body mass index (kg/m2); Current smoker (Yes/No); Physical activity levelc : sedentary (Yes/No); moderate (Yes/No); high (Yes/No)

Mental Health

HADS Anxiety and Depression subscale scores scale

Physical function

SF-36 (PF-10 subscale)

Knee-specific pain and functional limitation

WOMAC Pain and Function subscale scores

  1. Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale [54]; OA Osteoarthritis; PF-10 Medical Outcomes Study SF-36 Physical Functioning subscale [55]; SD Standard deviation; WOMAC Western Ontario & McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index [56]
  2. a Derived from National Socio-economic Classification [57]
  3. b Mild = KL2 (PA or skyline view) or grade 1 osteophytes (lateral view); Moderate/severe = KL ≥ 3 (PA or skyline view) or grade 3 osteophytes (lateral view) [58]
  4. c Twenty-three physical activity items were originally included. Those that were difficult to quantify were excluded from this analysis for example; ‘go out for a walk’ and ‘go out to work’. We chose 6 items which were then categorised into sedentary (‘spend most or all of day in bed or chair’), moderate (‘walks of a least a quarter of a mile’ and ‘walks of two miles’) and vigorous physical activity (‘play a sport’, ‘heavy gardening’ and ‘heavy DIY work at home’). These measures were included if it was reported that they were done on ‘all, most or some days’