Table 3 Association between 2009 and 2013 longitudinal low back pain dynamics and 2013 functional limitations adjusting for potential covariates, Thai cohort study
Exposure variables | Outcomes - adjusted odds ratios [95% Confidence Intervals]a | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Low back pain category (2009 to 2013) | Climbing stairs | Walking 100 m | Bending/kneeling | Getting dressed |
Never - ‘No’ in 2009 & ‘No’ in 2013 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Reverting - ‘Yes’ in 2009 & ‘No’ in 2013 | 1.10 [0.89–1.36] | 1.14 [0.95–1.38] | 1.41 [1.21–1.64] | 1.18 [0.99–1.41] |
Incident - ‘No in 2009 & ‘Yes’ in 2013 | 1.53 [1.22–1.91] | 1.76 [1.46–2.12] | 2.65 [2.29–3.06] | 1.49 [1.28–1.80] |
Chronic - ‘Yes’ in 2009 & ‘Yes’ in 2013 | 2.02 [1.71–2.39] | 1.98 [1.71–2.30] | 3.80 [3.38–4.27] | 1.60 [1.38–1.85] |
Covariates (2009, exceptb andc) | ||||
Sex | ||||
Females (male - ref) | 1.19 [1.02–1.37] | 1.03 [0.90–1.16] | 1.36 [1.24–1.50] | 1.39 [1.23–1.59] |
Age groups (years) | ||||
< 35 | Reference | |||
35–44 | 0.91 [0.76–1.07] | 0.93 [0.80–1.07] | 0.98 [0.88–1.10 | 0.71 [0.61–0.81] |
45+ | 0.95 [0.78–1.15] | 0.96 [0.81–1.13] | 1.35 [1.20–1.52] | 0.56 [0.47–0.66] |
Residence | ||||
Urban (rural - ref) | 0.97 [0.84–1.12] | 0.93 [0.82–1.05] | 0.95 [0.87–1.04] | 1.02 [0.90–1.15] |
Occupationb | ||||
Professionals and managers | Reference | |||
Office assistant | 1.08 [0.91–1.27] | 1.11 [0.96–1.29] | 1.00 [0.90–1.12] | 0.97 [0.84–1.13] |
Skilled or elementary workers | 0.79 [0.64–0.98] | 1.05 [0.88–1.24] | 1.13 [0.99–1.28] | 0.86 [0.72–1.03] |
Others/ not working | 1.02 [0.73–1.41] | 0.94 [0.71–1.25] | 1.22 [0.98–1.51] | 0.68 [0.51–0.91] |
Work hours per weekb | ||||
< 25 | 1.54 [1.20–1.98] | 1.41 [1.14–1.76] | 1.27 [1.08–1.50] | 1.55 [1.25–1.92] |
25–40 | Reference | |||
40+ | 1.04 [0.88–1.23] | 0.96 [0.83–1.11] | 1.01 [0.91–1.12] | 0.94 [0.81–1.08] |
Not working | 1.45 [1.08–1.95] | 1.39 [1.08–1.79] | 1.14 [0.94–1.39] | 1.65 [1.28–2.11] |
Household monthly income (Baht) | ||||
≤ 10,000 | 1.04 [0.86–1.24] | 1.24 [1.07–1.44] | 1.10 [0.98–1.24] | 1.03 [0.88–1.21] |
> 10,000–30,000 | Reference | |||
> 30,000 | 1.01 [0.86–1.19] | 0.88 [0.76–1.02] | 0.90 [0.82–1.00] | 0.97 [0.84–1.11] |
Hours sitting per dayc | ||||
0–4 | 1.39 [1.17–1.65] | 1.52 [1.32–1.76] | 1.11 [0.98–1.24] | 1.21 [1.03–1.41] |
5–8 | Reference | |||
9+ | 0.77 [0.65–0.91] | 0.83 [0.72–0.96] | 0.90 [0.82–1.00] | 0.82 [0.71–0.94] |
Hours standing per dayc | ||||
0–4 | 1.15 [0.96–1.34] | 0.95 [0.83–1.09] | 1.05 [0.95–1.17] | 1.17 [1.01–1.36] |
5–8 | Reference | |||
9+ | 1.40 [1.07–1.84] | 0.91 [0.71–1.16] | 1.33 [1.12–1.58] | 1.49 [1.18–1.89] |
Physical activity (moderate or rigorous)c | ||||
< 3 sessions/week | Reference | |||
3–6 sessions/week | 0.89 [0.76–1.04] | 0.91 [0.80–1.04] | 0.79 [0.72–0.87] | 0.83 [0.72–0.95] |
7+ sessions/week | 1.06 [0.86–1.32] | 1.32 [1.11–1.57] | 0.93 [0.81–1.07] | 1.05 [0.87–1.27] |
Body mass index (Asian cut offs)c | ||||
Underweight (<18.5) | 1.06 [0.79–1.43] | 1.09 [0.84–1.41] | 0.89 [0.72–1.10] | 0.71 [0.51–0.97] |
Normal (18.5 to <23) | Reference | |||
Overweight (23 to <25) | 1.25 [1.04–1.51] | 1.21 [1.03–1.42] | 1.33 [1.18–1.49] | 1.60 [1.35–1.89] |
Obese I (25 to <30) | 1.42 [1.19–1.70] | 1.33 [1.13–1.55] | 1.73 [1.54–1.93] | 2.39 [2.06–2.79] |
Obese II (> = 30) | 1.85 [1.43–2.40] | 1.68 [1.33–2.12] | 2.47 [2.11–2.88] | 3.03 [2.44–3.71] |