Table 3 Comparison of fracture characteristics and healthcare resource utilization between groups (follow-up period; raloxifene subgroup)
Unadjusted | Matched | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristic | All (N = 1367) | T2DM (N = 668) | Non-DM (N = 699) | P value | All (N = 478) | T2DM (N = 239) | Non-DM (N = 239) | P value |
Fractures | ||||||||
Patients with clinical fracturesa, n (%) | 189 (13.8) | 96 (14.4) | 93 (13.3) | 0.568 | 61 (12.8) | 29 (12.1) | 32 (13.4) | 0.681 |
Number of days to first fracture, mean (SD) | 440.8 (258.9) | 398.2 (250.9) | 484.8 (261) | 0.499b | 423.7 (248.7) | 381.9 (244) | 461.6 (250.6) | 0.717b |
Patients with non-vertebral fractures, n (%) | 148 (10.8) | 79 (11.8) | 69 (9.9) | 0.245 | 51 (10.7) | 24 (10.0) | 27 (11.3) | 0.657 |
Resource utilization | ||||||||
BMD test, n (%) | 634 (46.4) | 239 (35.8) | 395 (56.5) | <0.001 | 232 (48.5) | 96 (40.2) | 136 (56.9) | <0.001 |
Bone formation test, n (%) | 86 (6.3) | 35 (5.2) | 51 (7.3) | 0.117 | 29 (6.1) | 14 (5.9) | 15 (6.3) | 0.848 |
Bone resorption test, n (%) | 157 (11.5) | 60 (9.0) | 97 (13.9) | 0.005 | 54 (11.3) | 26 (10.9) | 28 (11.7) | 0.773 |
Osteoporosis-related testsc (post-baseline), n (%) | 1029 (75.3) | 488 (73.1) | 541 (77.4) | 0.063 | 364 (76.2) | 178 (74.5) | 186 (77.8) | 0.391 |
Osteoporosis-related testsc (post-baseline), mean per patient (SD) | 2.863 (3.031) | 2.867 (3.157) | 2.86 (2.909) | 0.966 | 2.747 (2.698) | 2.816 (2.745) | 2.678 (2.654) | 0.576 |
Hospital admissions, n (%) | 383 (28.0) | 243 (36.4) | 140 (20.0) | <0.001 | 129 (27.0) | 79 (33.1) | 50 (20.9) | 0.003 |
Hospital admissions, mean per patient (SD) | 0.49 (1.053) | 0.668 (1.246) | 0.32 (0.791) | <0.001 | 0.416 (0.849) | 0.49 (0.839) | 0.343 (0.855) | 0.059 |
Days in hospital, mean (SD) | 9.306 (29.13) | 12.69 (35.26) | 6.076 (21.23) | <0.001 | 8.073 (30.44) | 9.586 (34.95) | 6.561 (25.13) | 0.278 |
Outpatient visits, n (%) | 1367 (100.0) | 668 (100.0) | 699 (100.0) | - | 478 (100.0) | 239 (100.0) | 239 (100.0) | - |
Outpatient visits, mean per patient (SD) | 32.72 (38.37) | 38.61 (39.44) | 27.09 (36.47) | <0.001 | 30.59 (34.09) | 31.84 (23.96) | 29.34 (41.85) | 0.424 |
Laboratory tests, n (%) | 268 (19.6) | 162 (24.3) | 106 (15.2) | <0.001 | 88 (18.4) | 55 (23.0) | 33 (13.8) | 0.009 |
Laboratory tests, mean per patient (SD) | 37.93 (127.3) | 50.91 (151.9) | 25.53 (96.77) | <0.001 | 27.54 (79.15) | 36.03 (91.74) | 19.05 (63.21) | 0.019 |
Total cost in JPY, mean (SD) | 750,000 (1,560,000) | 1,010,000 (1,800,000) | 500,000 (1,230,000) | <0.001 | 589,000 (1,170,000) | 665,000 (980,000) | 513,000 (1,340,000) | 0.158 |
Total cost in JPY, median | 240,000 | 396,000 | 144,000 | 215,000 | 314,000 | 150,000 | <0.001d | |