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Table 5 Association of Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grade (KL = 2, KL ≥ 2 and KL ≥ 3 relative to KL < 2, and KL ≥ 3 relative to KL < 3) at each intervertebral level with low back pain

From: Prevalence of lumbar spondylosis and its association with low back pain among community-dwelling Japanese women

  

L1/2

L2/3

L3/4

L4/5

L5/S1

 

reference

OR

(95% CI)

OR

(95% CI)

OR

(95% CI)

OR

(95% CI)

OR

(95% CI)

KL = 2

KL < 2

1.16

0.87

0.90

1.19

1.55

  

(0.66-2.02)

(0.52-1.45)

(0.55-1.48)

(0.68-2.05)

(0.82-2.91)

KL ≥ 2

KL < 2

1.31

1.03

1.07

1.57

1.77*

  

(0.80-2.15)

(0.64-1.65)

(0.67-1.70)

(0.99-2.50)

(1.09-2.86)

KL ≥ 3

KL < 2

1.93

1.91

2.57*

2.49*

1.88*

  

(0.93-3.99)

(0.92-3.97)

(1.19-5.55)

(1.35-4.56)

(1.06-3.35)

KL ≥ 3

KL < 3

1.66

1.86

2.54*

2.19*

1.76*

  

(0.84-3.28)

(0.96-3.62)

(1.26-5.14)

(1.25-3.84)

(1.02-3.03)

  1. Odds ratios were calculated by logistic regression analysis compared with subjects with KL grade 0 or 1 after adjustment for age, body mass index, and stiffness index at calcaneal bone
  2. OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval
  3. *p < 0.05