Fig. 3

Pirfenidone suppressed basal and TGF-β₁ induced cell migration. CT- and DD-derived fibroblasts derived from three different pateint samples (N = 3/group) were maintained in low-serum medium for 24 h, then were left untreated (Ntx) or exposed to PFD (800 μg/ml) in the presence or absence of TGF-β₁ (10 ng/ml) to perform the 2D (a & b) and OrisTM 3D (c & d) cell migration assays. Shown here are representative images of three different experiments from three different cultures (N = 3/group) of CT- and DD-derived fibroblasts done for 2D (a) and 3D (c) migration assays in triplicate. NIH- image analysis was used to assess the number of cells that entered the detection zones after various treatments. Data are shown as mean ± SEM of the averages of triplicate reads for each culture derived from the three different patient samples both for CT- and DD- derived fibroblasts. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001