From: Identification of clinical phenotypes in knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review of the literature
Areas of potential bias | Explanation and Adaptation |
---|---|
(1) Participation | Source population and characteristic of the sample |
(2) Study attrition | Loss to follow up |
(3) Measurement of prognostic factorsa | A clear definition or description of the prognostic factor measured is provided and adequately reported. Adaptation: We considered as prognostic factor the variable chosen in the study to classify the patients and define the phenotypes |
(4) Outcome measurementa | A clear definition of the outcome of interest is provided and the outcome methods are valid and reliable. Adaptation: we considered the variable used to define the difference between subgroups as outcome measures |
(5) Confounding factors | Are confounders present in the study; confounding factors are accounted for in the study design |
(6) Analysis | Data analysis and data presentation |