Table 2 Lordosis and ROM scores, and consistency between tests (degrees)
Movement | Region | Back pain status | ROMa | Inter-rater agreement (same-day, different raters) Test 1 versus Test 2 | Intra-rater agreement (different-days, same rater) Test 1 versus Test 3 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Test 1 | Test 2 | Test 3 | Average for all 3 Tests | Mean & SD of differences between Test 1 & Test 2b | Minimal detectable change score | Mean & SD of differences between Test 1 & Test 3b | Minimal detectable change score | |||
Lordosisc | Lumbar lordosis | NoLBP | −29.6 ± 11.2 | −31.2 ± 11.3 | −29.4 ± 10.8 | −30.1 ± 11.1 | 1.5 ± 6.9 | ±11.3 | −0.5 ± 9.1 | ±15.0 |
LBP | −27.1 ± 11.6 | −28.1 ± 10.5 | −28.2 ± 11.8 | −27.8 ± 11.2 | 1.0 ± 5.4 | ±8.8 | 0.2 ± 9.0 | ±14.8 | ||
Trunk angle | NoLBP | −9.9 ± 5.7 | −10.5 ± 5.1 | −11.0 ± 4.2 | −10.4 ± 5.0 | 0.6 ± 4.2 | ±6.9 | 1.2 ± 4.7 | ±7.7 | |
LBP | −9.5 ± 5.5 | −9.4 ± 4.0 | −9.9 ± 4.5 | −9.6 ± 4.7 | 0.0 ± 3.7 | ±6.1 | 0.3 ± 3.4 | ±5.6 | ||
Pelvic angle | NoLBP | 19.7 ± 10.0 | 20.7 ± 9.6 | 18.4 ± 9.6 | 19.6 ± 9.7 | −1.0 ± 5.5 | ±9.0 | 1.7 ± 7.2 | ±11.9 | |
LBP | 17.6 ± 9.3 | 18.7 ± 10.8 | 18.4 ± 10.4 | 18.2 ± 10.1 | −1.1 ± 5.8 | ±9.6 | 0.0 ± 7.9 | ±13.0 | ||
Flexionc | Trunk (T12) angle | NoLBP | 104.9 ± 15.4 | 106.4 ± 15.5 | 105.8 ± 15.7 | 105.7 ± 15.4 | −1.5 ± 4.1 | ±6.8 | −0.4 ± 5.7 | ±9.3 |
LBP | 110.4 ± 14.3 | 110.2 ± 13.2 | 109.6 ± 13.1 | 110.1 ± 13.4 | 0.2 ± 5.3 | ±8.7 | −0.4 ± 6.2 | ±10.2 | ||
Lumbar range | NoLBP | 51.2 ± 8.1 | 54.1 ± 8.9 | 50.9 ± 10.1 | 52.1 ± 9.1 | −2.9 ± 6.6 | ±10.8 | −0.4 ± 7.9 | ±13.0 | |
LBP | 49.9 ± 11.6 | 50.1 ± 11.4 | 50.5 ± 11.5 | 50.2 ± 11.3 | −0.2 ± 5.0 | ±8.4 | −0.2 ± 8.4 | ±14.0 | ||
Pelvic (S2) angle | NoLBP | 54.9 ± 15.3 | 53.7 ± 14.6 | 55.8 ± 15.5 | 54.8 ± 15.0d | 1.2 ± 5.0 | ±8.2 | 0.2 ± 6.6 | ±10.9 | |
LBP | 61.0 ± 12.4 | 60.0 ± 14.4 | 61.2 ± 12.4 | 60.8 ± 13.2d | 0.4 ± 7.1 | ±11.8 | −1.0 ± 9.9 | ±16.6 | ||
Extensionc | Trunk angle | NoLBP | 32.3 ± 8.9 | 32.3 ± 9.5 | 31.7 ± 7.3 | 32.1 ± 8.6 | 0.0 ± 6.1 | ±10 | −0.6 ± 6.0 | ±9.9 |
LBP | 27.1 ± 7.0 | 26.2 ± 7.6 | 27.4 ± 6.2 | 26.9 ± 7.0 | −0.9 ± 3.9 | ±6.3 | 1.0 ± 4.4 | ±7.2 | ||
Lumbar range | NoLBP | 22.8 ± 13.9 | 22.3 ± 12.2 | 21.2 ± 12.4 | 22.1 ± 12.8 | −0.5 ± 7.6 | ±12.5 | −2.2 ± 11.3 | ±18.6 | |
LBP | 15.1 ± 8.5 | 15.2 ± 10.6 | 15.6 ± 7.2 | 15.2 ± 8.9 | 0.1 ± 5.5 | ±9.0 | 1.4 ± 3.8 | ±6.2 | ||
Pelvic angle | NoLBP | 11.3 ± 8.5 | 11.5 ± 8.2 | 12.7 ± 9.3 | 11.8 ± 8.6 | 0.2 ± 5.9 | ±9.7 | 1.8 ± 8.4 | ±13.8 | |
LBP | 12.3 ± 8.4 | 11.3 ± 9.7 | 12.0 ± 7.8 | 11.9 ± 8.7 | −1.1 ± 6.2 | ±10.1 | −0.3 ± 4.6 | ±7.6 | ||
Left lateral flexionc | Trunk angle | NoLBP | 31.2 ± 6.6 | 30.7 ± 6.0 | 29.9 ± 5.4 | −30.6 ± 6 | −0.5 ± 4.1 | ±6.9 | −0.8 ± 4.9 | ±8.1 |
LBP | 29.8 ± 6.0 | 31.1 ± 6.5 | 28.5 ± 6.1 | −29.9 ± 6.2 | 1.3 ± 3.9 | ±6.5 | −0.7 ± 3.4 | ±5.7 | ||
Lumbar range | NoLBP | 24.1 ± 4.7 | 23.9 ± 4.3 | 23.3 ± 4.6 | −23.8 ± 4.5 | −0.2 ± 3.3 | ±5.5 | −0.2 ± 3.9 | ±6.6 | |
LBP | 24.3 ± 5.3 | 24.6 ± 5.9 | 23.1 ± 5.9 | −24.1 ± 5.7 | 0.3 ± 3.5 | ±5.8 | −1.1 ± 3.2 | ±5.3 | ||
Pelvic angle | NoLBP | 7.3 ± 4.1 | 7.1 ± 3.8 | 6.9 ± 3.6 | −7.4 ± 3.8 | −0.2 ± 2.5 | ±4.2 | −0.5 ± 2.7 | ±4.5 | |
LBP | 5.7 ± 2.8 | 6.8 ± 3.7 | 5.5 ± 3.5 | −6.0 ± 3.4 | 1.1 ± 2.6 | ±4.3 | 0.3 ± 2.4 | ±4.1 | ||
Right lateral flexionc | Trunk angle | NoLBP | 31.9 ± 6.0 | 32.4 ± 6.5 | 31.6 ± 6.5 | 32 ± 6.2 | −0.5 ± 2.9 | ±4.9 | −0.2 ± 2.7 | ±4.5 |
LBP | 29.5 ± 5.1 | 29.8 ± 5.1 | 26.5 ± 5.7 | 28.8 ± 5.4 | −0.3 ± 4.0 | ±6.6 | −2.6 ± 3.5 | ±5.8 | ||
Lumbar range | NoLBP | 24.4 ± 4.6 | 24.9 ± 4.5 | 24.7 ± 4.6 | 24.7 ± 4.5 | −0.5 ± 2.4 | ±4.0 | −0.7 ± 3.1 | ±5.2 | |
LBP | 23.2 ± 5.2 | 22.8 ± 4.6 | 21.3 ± 5.7 | 22.3 ± 5.6 | 0.4 ± 3.0 | ±5.1 | 1.9 ± 2.6 | ±4.3 | ||
Pelvic angle | NoLBP | 7.7 ± 3.9 | 7.7 ± 4.0 | 7.1 ± 3.8 | 7.5 ± 3.9 | 0.0 ± 2.5 | ±4.1 | 0.6 ± 2.7 | ±4.5 | |
LBP | 6.4 ± 2.9 | 7.1 ± 3.3 | 5.4 ± 3.3 | 6.4 ± 3.2 | −0.7 ± 3.1 | ±5.1 | 0.7 ± 2.8 | ±4.8 | ||