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Fig. 1 | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders

Fig. 1

From: Characterization of nano-structural and nano-mechanical properties of osteoarthritic subchondral bone

Fig. 1

Representative X-ray, macroscopic histology, μCT and backscatter SEM images of OA samples. (a) X-ray showing joint space narrowing and the non-sclerotic and sclerotic region of OA subchondral bone; H&E and Safranin-O staining of OA samples graded according to the disease severity. (b) Mankin scoring was performed to assess the disease severity of grade 1 and grade IV samples. N = 10 separate samples. * P represents that the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). (c) μCT images of OA samples graded according to disease severity, 3D and 2D view of grade I OA bone compared to grade IV OA bone. Von Kossa staining of grade I OA subchondral bone and grade IV OA bone. Scale bar = 100 μm. (d) Quantitative μCT results show grade IV subchondral bone plate has a higher bone volume fraction compared to grade I specimens. N = 5 separate samples. * P represents that the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). (e) Resin embedded grade I OA samples showing a distinct boundary between articular cartilage and subchondral bone compared to grade IV OA samples and backscatter SEM images of grade I OA bone vs. grade IV OA subchondral bone. Black spots (white arrow heads) indicate the position of the dividing line between cartilage and bone. The border between subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone was distinguished by the bone plate arrangement (yellow arrows). TEM slices were “lifted out” of the representative positions in bone sample (yellow rectangles). Scale bar = 100 μm. C: articular cartilage; S: subchondral bone plate; T: trabecular bone

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