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Table 3 Univariate predictors of higher than median SF36-Bodily Pain scores after 1 year in TNFα-inhibitor and non-biologic cohorts

From: Factors predicting pain and early discontinuation of tumour necrosis factor-α-inhibitors in people with rheumatoid arthritis: results from the British society for rheumatology biologics register

 

Tertile or group

TNFα-inhibitor cohort

Non-biologic cohort

Complete case

Imputed

Complete case

Imputed

Crude OR (95 % CI)

p

Crude OR (95 % CI)

p

Crude OR (95 % CI)

p

Crude OR (95 % CI)

p

Age

Youngest (ref)

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

Mid

1.35 (1.21 – 1.51)

<0.001

1.35 (1.21 – 1.51)

<0.001

1.39 (1.13 - 1.71)

0.002

1.39 (1.13 - 1.71)

0.002

Oldest

1.67 (1.50 – 1.87)

<0.001

1.67 (1.50 – 1.87)

<0.001

1.41 (1.15 - 1.74)

0.001

1.41 (1.15 - 1.74)

0.001

Gender

Male (ref)

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

Female

0.88 (0.79 – 0.98)

0.015

0.88 (0.79 – 0.98)

0.015

1.10 (0.91 - 1.33)

0.358

1.10 (0.91 - 1.33)

0.358

BMI

<25 (ref)

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

25 to <30

1.24 (1.11 - 1.38)

<0.001

1.22 (1.10 - 1.35)

<0.001

1.12 (0.92 - 1.37)

0.264

1.12 (0.92 - 1.35)

0.276

≥30

1.53 (1.36 - 1.73)

<0.001

1.48 (1.33 - 1.66)

<0.001

1.61 (1.29 - 2.00)

<0.001

1.60 (1.30 - 1.98)

<0.001

Smoking

Never (ref)

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

Ex

1.23 (1.11 - 1.36)

<0.001

1.23 (1.12 - 1.36)

<0.001

1.33 (1.12 - 1.59)

0.002

1.37 (1.14 - 1.65)

0.001

Current

1.39 (1.23 - 1.56)

<0.001

1.39 (1.23 - 1.56)

<0.001

1.24 (1.00 - 1.53)

0.054

1.24 (1.00 - 1.53)

0.054

DAS28

Lowest (ref)

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

Mid

1.20 (1.07 – 1.34)

0.002

1.20 (1.07 – 1.34)

0.002

1.29 (1.04 - 1.59)

0.021

1.31 (1.07 - 1.61)

0.010

Highest

1.64 (1.47 – 1.84)

<0.001

1.64 (1.47 – 1.84)

<0.001

1.96 (1.58 - 2.43)

<0.001

1.95 (1.59 - 2.39)

<0.001

DAS28-P

Lowest (ref)

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

Mid

1.15 (1.03 – 1.29)

0.013

1.15 (1.03 – 1.29)

0.013

1.65 (1.32 - 2.07)

<0.001

1.59 (1.28 - 1.97)

<0.001

Highest

1.46 (1.30 – 1.63)

<0.001

1.46 (1.30 – 1.63)

<0.001

2.26 (1.80 - 2.85)

<0.001

2.20 (1.77 - 2.73)

<0.001

ESR

Lowest (ref)

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

Mid

1.00 (0.90 - 1.12)

0.977

1.00 (0.90 - 1.12)

0.978

1.12 (0.91 - 1.38)

0.306

1.06 (0.87 - 1.30)

0.571

Highest

1.14 (1.02 – 1.27)

0.019

1.14 (1.03 - 1.27)

0.016

1.24 (1.00 - 1.54)

0.049

1.21 (0.99 - 1.48)

0.070

SJC

Lowest (ref)

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

Mid

0.97 (0.87 – 1.08)

0.576

0.97 (0.87 – 1.08)

0.580

0.88 (0.71 - 1.09)

0.268

0.89 (0.73 - 1.10)

0.295

Highest

1.03 (0.93 - 1.14)

0.608

1.03 (0.93 - 1.14)

0.593

0.96 (0.78 - 1.15)

0.613

0.94 (0.77 - 1.14)

0.549

VAS-GH

Lowest (ref)

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

Mid

1.28 (1.15 – 1.43)

<0.001

1.27 (1.14 - 1.42)

<0.001

1.82 (1.48 - 2.24)

<0.001

1.81 (1.48 - 2.23)

<0.001

Highest

1.84 (1.65 - 2.06)

<0.001

1.84 (1.65 - 2.05)

<0.001

2.83 (2.29 - 3.49)

<0.001

2.82 (2.28 - 3.47)

<0.001

TJC

Lowest (ref)

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

Mid

1.12 (1.01 – 1.25)

0.040

1.12 (1.01 – 1.25)

0.037

1.54 (1.25 - 1.88)

<0.001

1.52 (1.25 - 1.86)

<0.001

Highest

1.42 (1.27 - 1.59)

<0.001

1.42 (1.28 - 1.59)

<0.001

2.11 (1.71 - 2.60)

<0.001

2.08 (1.69 - 2.56)

<0.001

Duration

Shortest (ref)

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

Mid

1.04 (0.93 – 1.16)

0.484

1.04 (0.93 – 1.16)

0.468

1.44 (1.17 - 1.77)

0.001

1.44 (1.17 - 1.77)

0.001

Longest

1.22 (1.09 – 1.35)

<0.001

1.21 (1.09 - 1.35)

<0.001

1.55 (1.27 - 1.91)

<0.001

1.55 (1.26 - 1.90)

<0.001

Serology

Seronegative (ref)

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

Seropositive

0.98 (0.89 - 1.07)

0.657

0.98 (0.89 - 1.07)

0.674

1.05 (0.89 - 1.24)

0.578

1.05 (0.89 - 1.24)

0.608

Erosions

None (ref)

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

At baseline

0.92 (0.84 – 1.01)

0.091

0.93 (0.85 - 1.01)

0.096

1.16 (0.98 - 1.37)

0.082

1.16 (0.98 - 1.37)

0.090

Extra-articular manifestation

No (ref)

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

Yes

1.20 (1.09 – 1.32)

<0.001

1.20 (1.09 – 1.32)

<0.001

1.21 (0.99 - 1.49)

0.071

1.21 (0.99 - 1.49)

0.071

Co-morbidity

No (ref)

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

Yes

1.66 (1.51 – 1.81)

<0.001

1.66 (1.51 – 1.81)

<0.001

1.82 (1.53 - 2.18)

<0.001

1.82 (1.53 - 2.18)

<0.001

HAQ

Lowest (ref)

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

Mid

0.98 (0.87 - 1.09)

0.667

0.98 (0.88 - 1.09)

0.680

3.03 (2.40 - 3.83)

<0.001

2.84 (2.28 - 3.54)

<0.001

Highest

1.01 (0.90 - 1.13)

0.909

1.02 (0.91 - 1.13)

0.804

10.63 (8.25 - 13.70)

<0.001

9.17 (7.23 - 11.62)

<0.001

SF36-Vitality

Best (ref)

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

Mid

1.23 (1.09 - 1.38)

0.001

1.21 (1.08 - 1.35)

0.001

2.40 (1.90 - 3.03)

<0.001

2.29 (1.84 - 2.85)

<0.001

Worst

1.90 (1.70 - 2.12)

<0.001

1.84 (1.66 - 2.05)

<0.001

5.40 (4.30 - 6.80)

<0.001

4.87 (3.92 - 6.06)

<0.001

SF36-Mental Health

Best (ref)

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

Mid

1.69 (1.51 - 1.90)

<0.001

1.66 (1.49 - 1.85)

<0.001

2.08 (1.66 - 2.59)

<0.001

2.26 (1.84 - 2.78)

<0.001

Worst

2.40 (2.15 - 2.68)

<0.001

2.29 (2.07 - 2.56)

<0.001

4.26 (3.36 - 5.41)

<0.001

3.90 (3.15 - 4.83)

<0.001

SF36-Physical Function

Best (ref)

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

Mid

2.01 (1.80 - 2.26)

<0.001

1.95 (1.74 - 2.17)

<0.001

3.29 (2.60 0 4.15)

<0.001

2.70 (2.16 - 3.38)

<0.001

Worst

3.83 (3.41 - 4.30)

<0.001

3.62 (3.23 - 4.04)

<0.001

9.55 (7.40 - 12.34)

<0.001

7.72 (6.15 - 9.72)

<0.001

Steroids

Not (ref)

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

At baseline

1.58 (1.44 - 1.74)

<0.001

1.58 (1.44 - 1.74)

<0.001

1.61 (1.32 - 1.96)

<0.001

1.61 (1.32 - 1.96)

<0.001

Methotrexate

Not (ref)

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

At baseline

0.63 (0.57 - 0.69)

<0.001

0.63 (0.57 - 0.69)

<0.001

0.79 (0.67 - 0.95)

0.010

0.79 (0.67 - 0.95)

0.010

Sulphasalazine

Not (ref)

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

At baseline

0.69 (0.61 - 0.78)

<0.001

0.69 (0.61 - 0.78)

<0.001

0.85 (0.71 - 1.02)

0.076

0.85 (0.71 - 1.02)

0.076

Lefunomide

Not (ref)

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

At baseline

1.26 (1.07 - 1.49)

0.006

1.26 (1.07 - 1.49)

0.006

1.66 (1.28 - 2.16)

<0.001

1.66 (1.28 - 2.16)

<0.001

Azathioprine

Not (ref)

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

At baseline

1.44 (1.07 - 1.95)

<0.001

1.44 (1.07 - 1.95)

<0.001

2.63 (1.37 - 5.03)

0.004

2.63 (1.37 - 5.03)

0.004

Hydroxychloroquine

Not (ref)

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

At baseline

0.67 (0.57 - 0.78)

<0.001

0.67 (0.57 - 0.78)

<0.001

0.81 (0.64 - 1.03)

0.084

0.81 (0.64 - 1.03)

0.084

Gold

Not (ref)

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

At baseline

1.24 (0.87 - 1.76)

0.273

1.24 (0.87 - 1.76)

0.273

1.50 (1.02 - 2.20)

0.047

1.50 (1.02 - 2.20)

0.047

  1. Odds ratios (95 % CI) for risk of higher than median pain at 1 year using original data and also pooled estimates of the 20 imputed datasets of baseline variables. The p values have not been adjusted for multiple comparisons. Continuous variables divided into tertiles except for body mass index (BMI). For each variable, the highest tertile is that which signifies worst health (including SF36 variables, which have been reversed). Missing data percentages >5 % for those cases with 1 year pain data available were found in the TNF-inhibitor cohort for HAQ (7 %), ESR (7 %), DAS28-ESR (8 %), DAS28-P (8 %), BMI (11 %), SF36 subscales (5 – 7 %); and in the non-biologic cohort for HAQ (9 %), ESR (10 %), DAS28-ESR (11 %), DAS28-P (19 %), BMI 5 %) and SF36 subscales (8 % - 9 %))
  2. ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate, SJC swollen joint count, TJC tender joint count, VAS-GH visual analogue scale-general health. Significant results highlighted in bold
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