Table 5 Description of the video observations based on the assessments of red and yellow flags, analyses and BCTs. Cases 1-4 were selected to illustrate the clinical variation
PT | Red flags | Yellow flags | Pain site | Functional behavioral analysis | Biopsycho- social analysis | Biomedical analysis | BCTsa | Time for consultation (minutes) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Assessment | Identification | Assessment | Identification | |||||||
1 | Red flags were assessed but not identified | No | Yes | Passive coping strategies | Headache | No | Yes, the analysis included yellow flags in relation to symptoms/pain problem but not to a specific behavior. | Included in the functional behavioral analysis | 1.1: Behavior goal setting Regular physical activity (walking) 4.1: Instruction on to perform the behavior Home exercise for headache 5.1: Info about health consequences Physical exercise with headache, how muscle tension leads to headache | 24 |
2 | Red flags were assessed but not identified | No | Yes | Negative thoughts, avoiding behavior related to physical activity and the shoulder | Shoulder | No | No | Yes, short analyses during the consultation with focus on the shoulder pain. Yellow flags were not included in the analysis | 4.1: Instruction on how to perform the behavior Exercises for the shoulder 5.1: Info about health consequences Effect on pain and physical function of the exercises | 51 |
3 | Red flags were assessed but not identified | No | No | No | Hip joint | No | No | Yes, short analyses during the consultation | 2.2: Feedback on behavior Performance of a specific exercise for the hip, walking pattern 4.1: Instruction on how to perform the behavior Exercise for the hip, circulation exercises, walking with crutches 5.1: Info about health consequences How exercise affects the hip, pain and function 7.1: Prompts/cues Connect the exercise with another daily activity 8.1: Behavioral practice/rehearsal PT asked the patient to repeat the exercises she had instructed her in so that she would better remember them. | 25 |
4 | Red flags were assessed but not identified | No | No | No | Shoulder and elbow | No | No | No analysis related to the patient’s problem was performed, but there was a general explanation of the physical findings | 4.1: Instruction on to perform the behavior Stretching of elbows, home exercises, posture, micro pauses 5.1: Info about health consequences Factors that increase pain in the shoulder and elbow, how specific work tasks can affect shoulder pain and function | 61 |
5 | Red flags were assessed but not identified | No | Yes | No | Low back | No | No | Yes, a summarizing analysis related to the patients pain problem. Commentaries about the assessments and findings during the consultation. | 1.1: Outcome goal setting Lose weight to decrease back pain 4.1: Instruction on to perform the behavior Exercise for home-training 5.1: Info about health consequences How physical activities may affect back pain, pain coping strategies, including exercises | 28 |
6 | No | No | Yes | Thoughts and worries regarding other possible causes of pain. | Hip joints | No | No | Yes, short analysis based on biomedical examination and the interview with the patient. | 2.2:Feedback on behavior Discussion with the patient about how to adjust the intensity of the aquatic exercise following overuse. 2.7: Feedback on outcome Feedback on improving hip flexibility compared with earlier physical function and exercise 4.1:Instruction on to perform the behavior Exercise for lower extremities 5.1: Info about health consequences Consequences for hip and back of wearing high heels | 39 |
7 | Yes | No | No | No | Low back | No | No | Yes, analyses including online commentaries and a summary analysis. | 5.1: Info about health consequences Factors that causes back pain and what the patient can do by herself to manage the pain | 25 |
8 | Yes | No | Yes | No | Low back and leg | No | No | Yes, short analyses during the examination and a summary analysis at the end. | 4.1: Instruction on to perform the behavior Stretching exercises and posture 5.1: Info about health consequences How running can affect back pain and general health how bad body position/posture behavior can affect back-pain | 19 |
9 | No | No | Yes | No | Hip joints | No | No | Yes, short analysis of hip pain during the examination and a summary analysis | 4.1: Instruction on to perform the behavior Walking on stairs, exercises for hips 5.1: Info about health consequences Effects of exercise and bicycling in osteoarthritis | 69 |
10 | Yes | No | Yes | Avoiding dancing and fear of increased pain in the shoulder | Shoulder | No | No | Yes, short analysis of shoulder pain during the examination and a summary analysis | 4.1: Instruction on how to perform the behavior Exercise for shoulders 5.1: Info about health consequences How heavy lifting and other work tasks affect shoulder pain | 47 |
11 | No | No | No | No | Feet and low back | No | No | Yes, analysis related to the patient’s foot pain | 5.1: Info about health consequences How exercise and body weight affect foot problems, changes in foot status due to ageing and injuries have consequences in pain and medicine consumption 15.1: Verbal persuasion about capability Benefits of physical exercise, patients capabilities for exercise | 39 |
12 | Yes | No | Yes | No | Hip joints | No | No | Yes, a summary analysis at the end and a short online commentaries during the consultation | 2.2: Feedback on behavior How to do yoga exercises 4.1: Instruction on how to perform the behavior Stretching of hip muscles, home exercises 5.1: Info about health consequences How physical exercise and activity affect the cartilage in the hip 7.1: Prompts/cues How to use daily activities as a cue to action (home exercises) | 36 |