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Table 4 Pathogenesis of atypical femoral fractures

From: Management of atypical femoral fracture: a scoping review and comprehensive algorithm

AFF pathogenesis

Reduced bone turnover

BPs and other powered antiresorptive drugs (i.e. denosumab)

Lower limb geometry

Large femoro-tibial alignment (genu varum)

Bowed Femur

Varus neck-shaft angle

Others

age, race, drugs, comorbidities