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Table 3 Effect size (ES) for SPADI from baseline to 8 weeks and 12 months follow-up for the three groups

From: Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder, treatment with corticosteroid, corticosteroid with distension or treatment-as-usual; a randomised controlled trial in primary care

SPADI

IS

ISD

TAU

IS & ISD

IS & TAU

ISD & TAU

8 weeks

 

 Mean change

−40.3

−40.4

−17.4

0.2

22.8

23.0

 SD

19.0

19.1

19.8

19.1

19.4

19.4

 ES

   

0.0

1.2

1.2

12 months

 

 Mean change

−43.0

−39.8

−48.1

3.1

5.1

8.2

 SD

19.6

24.7

20.4

22.3

20.0

21.4

 ES

   

0.1

0.3

0.4

  1. SPADI shoulder pain and disability index
  2. IS injection steroid alone, ISD injection steroid plus saline, TAU treatment-as-usual