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Table 2 SPADI, NPRS and PROM and comparison in outcomes between three groups

From: Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder, treatment with corticosteroid, corticosteroid with distension or treatment-as-usual; a randomised controlled trial in primary care

 

Injection group Steroid alone (IS)

Injection group Steroid and saline (ISD)

Treatment-as-usual (TAU)

 

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Primary outcome variable

   

SPADI

   

 At inclusion

63.8 (16.0)

60.5 (16.8)

61.9 (19.0)

 4 weeks

34.1 (21.4)

30.9 (21.0)

51.9 (22.2)

 8 weeks

23.8 (22.0)

20.1 (18.4)

44.4 (23.6)

 12 months

16.9 (18.9)

17.2 (19.8)

11.7 (20.3)

Secondary outcome variable

   

NPRS

   

 At inclusion

6.9 (1.4)

7.2 (1.6)

6.6 (2.1)

 4 weeks

3.8 (2.2)

3.5 (1.7)

5.6 (2.5)

 8 weeks

3.0 (2.3)

2.9 (1.6)

4.7 (2.0)

Tertiary outcome variables

   

Abduction (ABD)

   

 At inclusion

53.7 (13.4)

51.0 (17.8)

50.5 (19.0)

 4 weeks

62.7 (15.6)

64.7 (17.2)

53.9 (19.4)

 8 weeks

68.9 (15.3)

71.9 (17.0)

56.5 (20.9)

External rotation (ER)

   

 At inclusion

19.6 (14.7)

25.2 (17.7)

17.3 (13.5)

 4 weeks

30.1 (16.3)

35.6 (15.8)

18.8 (14.8)

 8 weeks

38.2 (17.6)

42.7 (17.9)

24.0 (18.1)

Internal rotation (IR)

   

 At inclusion

38.8 (15.5)

41.1 (14.1)

40.2 (15.4)

 4 weeks

49.5 (17.4)

52.7 (17.3)

43.7 (16.6)

 8 weeks

57.2 (15.7)

59.6 (16.1)

47.3 (18.2)

Hand behind back (HBB)

   

 At inclusion

0.4 (6.2)

2.2 (7.8)

−0.5 (6.0)

 4 weeks

5.9 (7.2)

7.5 (7.8)

1.0 (6.1)

 8 weeks

10.1 (6.3)

11.2 (7.2)

4.3 (6.5)

  1. SPADI shoulder pain and disability index, NPRS numeric pain rating scale, PROM passive range of motion
  2. IS injection steroid alone, ISD injection steroid plus saline, TAU treatment-as-usual