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Table 1 Study eligibility criteria

From: Classification of patients with low back-related leg pain: a systematic review

Published studies were included if they fulfilled any of the following criteria:

 • Developed and described an original classification system for back pain that included adult patients with low back related leg pain (LBLP). Leg pain was defined as pain below the gluteal fold.

 • Adapted an existing classification system that was designed for or included LBLP patients.

 • Provided approaches to appraising or validating an existing classification system for LBLP.

Exclusion criteria:

 • Studies looking at specific spinal “red flag” conditions such as cauda equina syndrome, tumours or spinal fractures or a specific disease cohort such as diabetes.

 • Studies that only used expensive or advanced investigations or technology more likely to be feasible for secondary care settings (e.g. electromyography, surgical findings, imaging or expensive kinematic equipment) for classification of patients.

 • Case studies and case series design studies.