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Table 4 Self-rated improvement and pain intensity (unadjusted estimates)

From: Do psychological and behavioral factors classified by the West Haven-Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory (Swedish version) predict the early clinical course of low back pain in patients receiving chiropractic care?

Variable

AC (n = 167)

ID (n = 75)

DYS (n = 87)

Self-rated Improvement:

 Definite improvement at 4th visit, % (n; p-value C)

64.7 (108; .56 C)

68.0 (51; .56 C)

71.3 (62; .56 C)

 Chance of definite improvement at 4th visit, expressed as relative risk A(95 % CI; p-value)

Ref

1.05A (.87–1.27; .61)

1.10A (.93–1.31; .28)

Pain intensity:

 Pain intensity at 1st visit 0–10, mean (SD; p-value B)

4.47 (1.94; <.01 B)

6.51 (1.97; <.01 B)

6.70 (1.64; <.01 B)

 Pain intensity at 4th visit 0–10, mean (SD; p-value B)

2.47 (1.85; <.01 B)

3.57 (1.90; <.01 B)

3.92 (2.14; <.01 B)

 Difference in pain intensity between 1st and 4th visit, mean (SD; p-value B)

2.01 (2.30; <.01 B)

2.93 (2.11; <.01 B)

2.78 (2.35; <.01 B)

 Reduction of pain intensity of 30 % or more between 1st and 4th visit, dichotomized, % (n; p-value C)

63.5 (106; .39 C)

72.0 (54; .39 C)

63.2 (55; .39 C)

 Chance of a reduction of pain intensity of 30 % or more between 1st and 4th visit, dichotomized, expressed as relative risk A (95 % CI; p-value)

Ref

1.13 A (.82–1.57; .45)

1.00 A (0.72–1.38; .98)

  1. AC, Adaptive Coper; ID, Interpersonally Distressed; DYS, Dysfunctional; A Adjustment for “patient’s expectation of improvement” meant only very small changes in the estimates; B One way Anova for overall difference between the MPI-S groups; C Chi2 test for overall difference