Table 2 Paraspinal mapping scores for group I

Multifidus muscle

 Upper

0.66 ± 0.60

1.91 ± 0.88 (<0.0001)

1.83 ± 1.01 (<0.0001)

1.62 ± 1.11 (<0.0001)

0.72 ± 0.49 (0.5324)

 Surgical

1.01 ± 0.61

2.59 ± 1.03 (<0.0001)

2.58 ± 1.19 (<0.0001)

2.31 ± 1.01 (<0.0001)

1.08 ± 0.62 (0.5824)

 Lower

0.93 ± 0.74

2.50 ± 0.89 (<0.0001)

2.40 ± 1.05 (<0.0001)

2.11 ± 1.19 (<0.0001)

0.89 ± 0.64 (0.4251)

Erector spinae muscle

 Upper

0.64 ± 0.61

1.75 ± 0.78 (<0.0001)

1.58 ± 0.75 (<0.0001)

0.70 ± 0.52 (0.5187)

0.67 ± 0.59 (0.8027)

 Surgical

1.05 ± 0.55

2.25 ± 1.01 (<0.0001)

2.05 ± 0.98 (<0.0001)

1.23 ± 0.60 (0.2155)

0.99 ± 0.65 (0.6412)

 Lower

0.82 ± 0.71

2.20 ± 0.84 (<0.0001)

1.92 ± 0.80 (<0.0001)

1.02 ± 0.81 (0.6029)

0.85 ± 0.64 (0.8684)