|
Primary
|
Pain intensity
|
Pain intensity over the previous week as measured by the 0–10 Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) [26]
|
0, 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26
|
|
Secondary
|
Disability
|
Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) [28]
|
0, 6, 26
|
| |
Self-reported weight
|
Self-reported weight (kg)
|
0, 6, 26
|
| |
Objective weight
|
Measured to the nearest 0.1 kg [29]
|
0a, 26
|
| |
BMI
|
Calculated as weight/height squared (kg/m2)
|
0a, 26
|
| |
Waist circumference
|
Measured to the nearest 0.1 cm [29]
|
26
|
| |
Quality of life
|
Short Form 12 version 2 (SF12.v2) [30]
|
0, 6, 26
|
| |
Perceived change in condition
|
Global Perceived Effect Scale [43]
|
6, 26
|
| |
Psychological distress
|
Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) [31]
|
0, 26
|
| |
Sleep quality
|
Item 6 of the Pittsburgh sleep quality index [32]
|
0, 6, 26
|
| |
Health behaviours
|
Physical Activity measured using the Active Australia Survey [33]
|
0, 6, 26
|
| | |
Dietary intake measured using a short food frequency questionnaire [34]
|
0, 6, 26
|
| | |
Alcohol Consumption measured using the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) [35]
|
0, 6, 26
|
| | |
Self-reported smoking status [36]
|
0, 6, 26
|
| |
Health care utilisation
|
Medication use for low back pain
|
0, 6, 26
|
|
Visits for low back pain – type and number of sessions
|
0, 6, 26
|
|
Attended orthopaedic consultation, received surgery
|
26
|
| |
Pain attitudes
|
Survey of Pain Attitudes (SOPA) [38]
|
0, 6, 26
|
| |
Fear Avoidance
|
Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) [39]
|
0, 26
|
| |
Economic
|
Quality of life (SF12.v2)
|
0, 6, 26
|
|
Health care utilisation (including estimated out of pocket cost)
|
|
Absenteeism (days off normal work due to lower back pain in the past 6 weeks)
|
