From: The first metatarsophalangeal joint in gout: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Author | Location | Study design | Aim | Characteristics of gout participants | Outcome measures relevant to review |
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Bellamy [27] | Canada | Longitudinal cohort | Natural progression of 1MTP acute flares | N = 11 Male 100 % Mean age 55 years Mean disease duration 4 years Diagnosis: “patients presenting with classical features of acute podagra, had experienced prior attacks of gouty arthritis and were known to be or have been hyperuricaemic”. | Clinical characteristics of 1MTP gout |
Carter [32] | USA | Cross-sectional | The presence of synovial inflammation during intercritical gout | N = 72 Male 90 % Mean age 56 years Mean disease duration 10 years Diagnosis: ACR criteria (incl. 42 % crystal proven) | Epidemiology of 1MTP gout |
Dalbeth [58] | New Zealand | Cross-sectional | Scoring bone erosion in gout using CT imaging | N = 25 Male 75 % Median age 60 years Median disease duration 21 years Diagnosis: ACR criteria (incl. 44 % crystal proven) | Imaging features of the 1MTP in gout |
Dalbeth [55] | New Zealand | Cross-sectional | Relationship between radiographic joint damage and MSU crystal deposition using DECT imaging | N = 92 Male 93 % Mean age 58 years Mean disease duration 22 years Diagnosis: ACR criteria (incl. 48 % crystal proven) | Imaging features of the 1MTP in gout |
Dalbeth [54] | New Zealand | Cross-sectional | Comparison of DECT MSU deposition in people with gout and people with asymptomatic hyperuricaemia | N = 33 Male = 85 % Mean age 61 years Mean disease duration 11 years Diagnosis: MSU crystal proven | Imaging features of the 1MTP in gout |
Deesomchok [34]* | Thailand | Cross-sectional | Clinical pattern of gout in females and males | N = 194 Male 89 % Mean age 59 (F) 52 (M) years Mean disease duration 3 (F) 10 (M) years Diagnosis: ACR criteria (incl. 81 % crystal proven) | Epidemiology of 1MTP gout |
DeSouza [36] | Brazil | Cross-sectional | Clinical and laboratory features of gout in men and women | N = 58 Male 53 % Mean age 64 (F) 61 (M) years Mean disease duration 9 (F) 14 (M) years Diagnosis: ACR criteria (% crystal proven not reported) | Epidemiology of 1MTP gout |
Grahame [29]* | UK | Retrospective | Characteristics of patients with gout | N = 354 Male 90 % Mean age NR Mean disease duration NR Diagnosis: patients with “recurrent acute episodes of arthritis in the presence of hyperuricaemia” | Epidemiology of 1MTP gout |
Hall [28]* | USA | Longitudinal cohort | Epidemiology of gout and hyperuricaemia | N = 86 Male 87 % Mean age 58 years Mean disease duration 9 years Diagnosis: patients who met two of the following: a typical attack of arthritis characterised by acute pain, usually accompanied by swelling and heat, lasting from a few day sot 2 weeks, and followed by complete remission of symptoms; an attack of arthritis exhibiting a striking and prompt response to therapeutic colchicine; the presence of hyperuricaemia. | Epidemiology of 1MTP gout |
Howard [67] | USA | Cross-sectional | Reliability of ultrasound for tophi and double contour sign | N = 50 Male 100 % Mean age 69 years Mean disease duration NR Diagnosis: ACR criteria (% crystal proven not reported) | Imaging features of the 1MTP in gout |
Huppertz [31]* | Germany | Case-control | Diagnostic accuracy of DECT and ultrasound for detecting MSU crystal deposition | N = 39 Male NR Mean age NR Disease duration newly diagnosed Diagnosis: Janssens score [10] of >8 or MSU crystal proven (46 %) | Imaging features of the 1MTP in gout |
Janssens [10]* | Netherlands | Cross-sectional | Validation of a diagnostic model to predict gout | N = 209 Male 89.5 % Mean age 59 years Mean disease duration NR Diagnosis: MSU crystal proven | Epidemiology of 1MTP gout |
Kawenoki-Minc [21] | Poland | Cross-sectional | Incidence of radiographic evidence of degenerative articular changes in patients with gout | N = 262 Male NR Mean age NR Mean disease duration NR Diagnosis: not reported | Imaging features of the 1MTP in gout |
Kennedy [30] | London | Cross-sectional | MSU crystal presence in aspirated 1MTP joint fluid | N = 31 Male 100 % Mean age 61 years Mean disease duration 10 years Diagnosis: patients who had “previously had podagra” including 52 % who were MSU crystal proven | Microscopy in 1MTP gout |
Kienhorst [37] | Netherlands | Longitudinal cohort | Validation of clinical diagnosis of 1MTP gout | N = 123 Male 85 % Mean age 59 years Mean disease duration NR Diagnosis: MSU crystal proven | Clinical characteristics of 1MTP gout |
Kim [68] | Korea | Cross-sectional | DECT presence of MSU deposition | N = 101 Male 95 % Mean age NR Mean disease duration NR Diagnosis: ACR criteria (% crystal proven not reported) | Imaging features of the 1MTP in gout |
Kim [43] | Korea | Longitudinal cohort | Comparison of clinical outcomes of arthrodesis and tophi excision & evaluate MRI features of tophaceous gout | N = 15 Male 67 % Mean age 57 years Mean disease duration NR Diagnosis: MSU crystal proven | Clinical characteristics of 1MTP gout; Functional characteristics of 1MTP gout; Imaging features of the 1MTP in gout |
Lally [35]* | USA | Retrospective | Comparison of gouty arthritis in men and women | N = 98 Male 77 % Mean age 63 (F) 63 (M) years Mean disease duration 5 (F) 14 (M) years Diagnosis: MSU crystal proven | Epidemiology of 1MTP gout |
Mallinson [25] | Canada | Retrospective | Distribution of MSU crystal deposition in gout using DECT imaging | N = 148 Male 82 % Mean age 61 years Mean disease duration NR Diagnosis: not reported | Microscopy in 1MTP gout |
Mijiyawa [38]* | Togo | Retrospective | Characteristics of patients with gout | N = 106 Male 99 % Mean age 53 years Mean disease duration 8 years Diagnosis: ACR criteria (incl. 17 % crystal proven) | Epidemiology of 1MTP gout |
Kang [41] | Korea | Longitudinal cohort | Ultrasound characteristics of gout & efficacy of intra-articular steroid injection for acute 1MTP flares | N = 21 Male 86 % Mean age 64 years Mean disease duration NR Diagnosis: ACR criteria (% crystal proven not reported) | Clinical characteristics of 1MTP gout; Imaging features of the 1MTP in gout |
Naredo [50] | Spain | Case-control | Diagnostic value of ultrasound for gout | N = 91 Male 100 % Mean age 56 years Mean disease duration 7 years Diagnosis: MSU crystal proven | Imaging features of the 1MTP in gout |
Ordonez [17] | Spain | Cross-sectional | Reliability of ultrasound in detection of lesion at 1MTP in gout | N = 15 Male NR Mean age NR Mean disease duration NR Diagnosis: not reported | Imaging features of the 1MTP in gout |
Ottaviani [52] | France | Longitudinal cohort | Ultrasonography showing disappearance of MSU crystals following urate lowering therapy | N = 16 Male 100 % Mean age 61 years Mean disease duration 7 years Diagnosis: MSU crystal proven | Imaging features of the 1MTP in gout |
Pascual [46] | Spain | Cross-sectional | MSU crystal presence in aspirated 1MTP joint fluid | N = 101 Male 98 % Mean age 56 years Mean disease duration 5 years Diagnosis: ACR criteria (incl. 77 % crystal proven) | Microscopy in 1MTP gout |
Pascual [69] | Spain | Longitudinal cohort | Disappearance of MSU crystals following urate lowering therapy | N = 18 Male 100 % Mean age 56 years Mean disease duration 10 years Diagnosis: MSU crystal proven | Microscopy in 1MTP gout |
Pelaez-Ballestas [9]* | Mexico | Cross-sectional | Identifying criteria for diagnosis of chronic gout | N = 549 Male 96 % Mean age 50 years Mean disease duration 12 years Diagnosis: MSU crystal proven | Epidemiology of 1MTP gout |
Radak-Perovic [22] | Serbia | Case-control | Comparison of ultrasound and x-ray for detection of 1MTP erosions | N = 30 Male NR Mean age NR Mean disease duration NR Diagnosis: ACR criteria (% crystal proven not reported) | Imaging features of the 1MTP in gout |
Roddy [24] | UK | Case-control | Concomitant gout and osteoarthritis | N = 164 Male 81 % Mean age 63 years Mean disease duration 10 years Diagnosis: 91 % met ACR criteria (% crystal proven not reported) | Epidemiology of 1MTP gout; Functional characteristics of 1MTP gout |
Roddy [51] | UK | Cross-sectional | Ultrasound characteristics of gout | N = 40 Male 78 % Mean age 65 years Mean disease duration 13 years Diagnosis: ACR criteria (incl. 53 % crystal proven) | Imaging features of the 1MTP in gout |
Roddy [18] | UK | Cross-sectional | Prevalence of hallux valgus, foot pain and disability in gout | N = 1184 Male 78 % Mean age 66 years Mean disease duration 12 years Diagnosis: “Patients who had consulted their GP about gout or been prescribed allopurinol or colchicine within the preceding 2 years” | Clinical characteristics of 1MTP gout; Structural characteristics of 1MTP gout |
Roddy [23] | UK | Case-Control | Nodal osteoarthritis and the risk of developing gout | N = 164 Male 81 % Mean age 63 years Mean disease duration 10 years Diagnosis: 91 % met ACR criteria (% crystal proven not reported) | Clinical characteristics of 1MTP gout; Structural characteristics of 1MTP gout |
Rome [45] | New Zealand | Case-control | Functional and biomechanical characteristics of gait in people with gout | N =25 Male 75 % Mean age 61 years Mean disease duration 22 years Diagnosis: ACR criteria (incl. 44 % crystal proven) | Functional characteristics of 1MTP gout |
Rouault [39]* | USA | Case-control | 1MTP aspiration as a diagnostic tool for gout | N = 23 Male NR Mean age NR Mean disease duration NR Diagnosis: MSU crystal proven | Epidemiology of 1MTP gout; Microscopy in 1MTP gout |
Sivera [47] | Spain | Cross-sectional | Feasibility of 1MTP aspiration for gout diagnosis | N = 22 Male 82 % Mean age 61 years Mean disease duration NR Diagnosis: MSU crystal proven | Microscopy in 1MTP gout |
Sun [53] | China | Cross-sectional | DECT imaging features of gout | N = 80 Male 94 % Mean age 52 years Mean disease duration 5 years Diagnosis: ACR criteria (% crystal proven not reported) | Imaging features of the 1MTP in gout |
Taylor [33]* | Multinational, multicentre | Cross-sectional | Clinical, laboratory, imaging findings in gout | N = 509 Male 86 % Mean age 60 years Median disease duration 6 years Diagnosis: MSU crystal proven | Epidemiology of 1MTP gout; Clinical characteristics of 1MTP gout |
Thiele [56] | USA | Case-control | Sonographic features of gout | N = 16 Male 81 % Mean age 64 years Mean disease duration NR Diagnosis: MSU crystal proven | Imaging features of the 1MTP in gout |
Thiele [57] | USA | Retrospective | Detection of erosions with ultrasound and conventional radiography in chronic gout | N = 42 Male NR Mean age NR Mean disease duration NR Diagnosis: MSU crystal proven | Imaging features of the 1MTP in gout |
Vreju [19] | Romania | Longitudinal cohort | Importance of ultrasound in gout diagnosis | N = 23 Male 53 % Mean age 53 years Disease duration < 1 year Diagnosis: not reported | Imaging features of the 1MTP in gout |
Wang [26] | Taiwan | Randomised controlled trial | Comparison of arthroscopic removal of 1MTP MSU crystals with medical treatment alone | N = 28 Male 100 % Mean age 28 years Mean disease duration 2 years Diagnosis: not reported | Clinical characteristics of 1MTP gout; Functional characteristics of 1MTP gout |
Wallace [7]* | USA | Cross-sectional | Development of a criteria for the classification of arthritis due to primary gout | N = 178 Male 86 % Mean age 56 years Mean disease duration 10 years Diagnosis: 88 % met ACR criteria (incl. 43 % crystal proven) | Epidemiology of 1MTP gout |
Weinberger [48] | USA | Case-control | MSU crystals in aspirated 1MTP joint fluid | N = 9 Male 100 % Mean age 54 years Mean disease duration 2 years Diagnosis: MSU crystal proven | Microscopy in 1MTP gout |
Wright [42] | Ireland | Case-control | Comparison of ultrasound and x-ray for detection of erosions in gout | N = 39 Male 100 % Mean age 52 years Mean disease duration 12 years Diagnosis: ACR criteria (incl. 28 % crystal proven) | Imaging features of the 1MTP in gout |
Zleik [20] | USA | Longitudinal cohort | Risk & predictors additional flares in newly diagnosed gout | N = 158 Male 73 % Mean age 59 years Mean disease duration Newly diagnosed Diagnosis: via the New York, Rome or ACR criteria (% crystal proven not reported) | Epidemiology of 1MTP gout |