Table 2 Foot and ankle fall risk factors (n = 201). Data presented as mean (SD) unless specified

Foot erosion on radiograph, n (%)

112 (62)

Previous foot surgery, n (%)

29 (21)

Presence of foot pain, n (%)

147 (73)

Foot pain (VAS 0–100), mm

32 (29)

Tender joint count (lower limb)

6.0 (7.2)

Swollen joint count (lower limb)

1.8 (3.4)

Presence of tender and/or swollen joints (lower limb), n (%)

148 (74)

Foot problem score

15 (8)

Pes planovalgus foot-type, n (%)

68 (34)

Presence of bunion deformity, n (%)

130 (65)

Monofilament sites felt (0–12)

10 (3)

Vibration perception threshold ≥ 26 mV, n (%)

85 (43)

Foot muscle strength, N

 Dorsiflexion

63 (33)

 Plantarflexion

69 (29)

 Inversion

33 (17)

 Eversion

30 (15)

Ankle range of motion, degrees

58 (7)

Gait speed, m/s

1.07 (0.3)

Peak plantar pressure, kPa

 Forefoot

310 (66)

 Midfoot

113 (62)

 Rearfoot

243 (69)

Failed paper grip test hallux, n (%)

101 (50)

Failed paper grip test lesser toes, n (%)

102 (50)

Toe strength hallux, N (%BW)

4.5 (2.5)

Toes strength lessor toes, N (%BW)

2.1 (1.2)

Eyes-open postural sway, mm

 AP direction

20.9 (9.7)

 ML direction

14.2 (8.7)

Eyes-closed postural sway, mm

 AP direction

29.4 (12.9)

 ML direction

17.4 (9.7)

Has seen a podiatrist before, n (%)

107 (53)

Receives regular podiatry treatment, n (%)

32 (16)

FIS_TOTAL score (0–51)

25 (12)

FIS_IF subscale score (0–21)

10 (5)

FIS_AP subscale score (0–30)

15 (9)

Good footwear type worn to study visit, n (%)

102 (51)

Average footwear type worn to study visit, n (%)

18 (9)

Poor footwear type worn to study visit, n (%)

81 (40)