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Table 3 Subject characteristics at baseline by pain status

From: Low vitamin D and the risk of developing chronic widespread pain: results from the European male ageing study

Subject characteristics

Pain free at baseline and follow up (N = 577)

New onset chronic widespread pain at follow up (N = 151)

 

mean (SD)

mean (SD)

Age (years)

58.9 (10.7)

59.3 (10.5)

Body mass index (kg/m2)

27.2 (3.8)

28.6 (4.2)‡

Sit to stand time (seconds)

12.2 (3.0)

13.3 (4.0)‡

Time to walk 50 feet (seconds)

12.9 (2.2)

14.2 (4.7)‡

PASE score

196.0 (94.4)

194.8 (89.1)

25 (OH) D (ng/mL)

26.3 (12.2)

24.2 (12.2)

1,25 (OH) 2D (pg/mL)

60.2 (16.3)

58.2 (17.2)

Alcohol-number of days alcohol consumed

N (%)

N (%)

 Never

82 (14.2)

34 (22.7)

 <1 week

166 (28.8)

38 (25.3)

 1–2

124 (21.5)

29 (19.3)

 3–4

66 (11.4)

21 (14.0)

 5–6

38 (6.6)

11 (7.3)

 7

101 (17.5)

17 (11.3)

Ever smoked (vs. never smoker)

377 (66.6)

110 (73.3)

Depressiona (vs. not depressed)

32 (5.6)

35 (23.5)†

Number of comorbidities

  

 None

272 (47.1)

37 (24.5)

 1

108 (18.7)

25 (16.6)

 ≥2

197 (34.1)

89 (58.9)†

Self-reported ≥30 minutes walking/cycling outside per day (vs. <30 minutes)

382 (66.4)

99 (65.6)

  1. PASE, Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly; 25 (OH) D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3; 1,25 (OH) 2 D, 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3. *The presence of depression was determined using Beck Depression Inventory with scores ≥10 indicating the presence of depression. †Chi squared test p < 0.05, ‡T test p < 0.05