Table 3 Univariate linear regression analyses as measured by max scores, subdivided by radiculopathy

Osteophytes^a

0.003*

0.810*

<0.001*

  Absent

45 (32)

ref.

ref.

ref.

  Present

  –radiculopathy

48 (34)

−2.52

(−7.64, 2.59)

0.331

0.19

(−2.60, 2.99)

0.892

−2.52

(−5.74, 0.71)

0.125

  +radiculopathy

48 (34)

6.00

(0.78, 11.2)

0.025

−0.68

(−3.54, 2.19)

0.641

7.00

(3.72, 10.3)

<0.001

High intensity zone

0.034*

0.528*

<0.001*

  Absent

42 (30)

ref.

ref.

ref.

  Present

  –radiculopathy

43 (31)

−0.33

(−5.52, 4.48)

0.899

0.05

(−2.74, 2.85)

0.970

0.34

(−3.64, 2.97)

0.841

  +radiculopathy

56 (40)

5.63

(0.52, 10.7)

0.031

−1.30

(−4.04, 1.44)

0.348

7.15

(3.90, 10.4)

<0.001

Protrusion/herniat^a.

0.116*

0.228*

<0.001*

  Absent

15 (11)

ref.

ref.

ref.

  Bulging

  –radiculopathy

18 (13)

−4.76

(−13.2, 3.71)

0.268

−0.71

(−5.23, 3.81)

0.755

−4.43

(−9.74, 0.89)

0.102

  +radiculopathy

5 (4)

9.26

(−3.16, 21.6)

0.143

3.67

(−2.95, 10.3)

0.275

5.67

(−2.23, 13.6)

0.158

  Protrusion

    Broad

  –radiculopathy

6 (4)

−4.31

(−15.6, 6.95)

0.450

−0.71

(−6.71, 5.29)

0.815

−3.59

(−10.8, 3.57)

0.323

  +radiculopathy

1 (1)

9.37

(−15.2, 33.9)

0.451

5.32

(−7.76, 18.4)

0.422

4.14

(−11.5, 19.7)

0.601

    Focal

  –radiculopathy

29 (21)

0.43

(−7.15, 8.01)

0.910

2.20

(−1.84, 6.24)

0.283

−1.74

(−6.56, 3.08)

0.477

  +radiculopathy

19 (13)

7.40

(−0.95, 15.8)

0.082

0.55

(−3.90, 5.00)

0.806

6.87

(1.56, 12.2)

0.012

 Extrusion

  –radiculopathy

12 (9)

0.62

(−8.82, 10.1)

0.897

−1.29

(−6.33, 3.74)

0.613

0.78

(−5.09, 6.64)

0.793

  +radiculopathy

28 (20)

2.51

(−5.45, 10.5)

0.533

−2.77

(−6.97, 1.43)

0.193

5.21

(0.16, 10.2)

0.043

 Sequestration

  –radiculopathy

0

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

  +radiculopathy

8 (6)

7.39

(−3.91, 18.7)

0.198

−1.47

(−7.49, 4.55)

0.630

8.89

(1.71, 16.1)

0.016

MRI nerve root sign

0.033*

0.056*

<0.001*

 No touch

52 (37)

ref.

ref.

ref.

  Touch

  –radiculopathy

19 (13)

−2.62

(−8.84, 3.60)

0.406

0.78

(−2.52, 4.09)

0.639

−3.17

(−7.19, 0.86)

0.122

  +radiculopathy

12 (9)

13.0

(5.18, 20.8)

0.001

3.52

(−0.62, 7.66)

0.095

9.73

(4.68, 14.8)

<0.001

 Displacement

  –radiculopathy

15 (11)

1.18

(−6.02, 8.39)

0.745

−0.09

(−3.92, 3.73)

0.961

0.62

(−3.92, 5.15)

0.789

  +radiculopathy

22 (16)

4.08

(−2.10, 10.3)

0.194

−1.51

(−4.79, 1.78)

0.365

5.90

(1.91, 9.90)

0.004

 Compression

  –radiculopathy

3 (2)

−1.50

(−15.3, 12.3)

0.831

−0.61

(−7.96, 6.75)

0.871

0.60

(−9.58, 8.38)

0.895

  +radiculopathy

18 (13)

2.18

(−4.92, 9.29)

0.544

−4.53

(−8.18, −0.87)

0.016

6.86

(2.36, 11.4)

0.003

Spinal stenosis ^b

0.198*

0.532*

0.084*

 Absent

123 (87)

ref.

ref.

ref.

 Present

  –radiculopathy

7 (5)

−2.77

(−12.9, 7.37)

0.590

0.56

(−4.83, 5.95)

0.837

−4.54

(−11.0, 1.93)

0.167

  +radiculopathy

11 (8)

6.62

(−1.29, 15.5)

0.100

2.39

(−1.82, 6.60)

0.263

4.39

(−1.01, 9.79)

0.110