Table 3 Description of study information

Orchard et al. [7]

To establish a model of the pathogenesis of ITBS in distance runners

Vicon 3D Motion analysis, force plate was used

2 x 2 minute runs on a treadmill, second run was performed with a heel raise

Runners own running shoes

Constant pace

Stance phase

Meisser et al. [8]

To determine whether there is a relationship between selected variables and runners affected by ITBS

High speed video camera, force plate was used

22.75m runway

Runners own running shoes

Self-selected

Stance phase

Noehren et al. [11]

To compare the pre-existing frontal and transverse plane lower extremity kinetics and kinematics between a group of female runners who develop ITBS compared to healthy controls

6-camera Vicon 3D Motion analysis, force plate was used

25m runway

Standard neutral running shoes

3.7m/s⁻¹

Stance phase

Ferber et al. [12]

To examine differences in running biomechanics between runners who previously sustained ITBS and runners with no knee-related running injuries

6-camera Vicon 3D motion analysis, force plate was used

25m runway

Neutral cushioning running shoes

3.65m/s⁻¹

Stance phase

Phinyomark et al. [20]

To examine differences in running gait kinematics between male and female runners with ITBS and to assess differences in gait kinematics between healthy gender and age-matched runners compared to runners with ITBS

8-camera Vicon 3D motion analysis, no force plate was used

Treadmill

Neutral running shoes (Nike Pegasus)

Self-selected speed between 2.23-3.35m/s⁻¹

Full stride cycle

Foch et al. [21]

To determine if biomechanics during running, hip strength and ITB flexibility differ among female runners with ITBS, previous ITBS and controls

9-camera Vicon 3D motion analysis, force plate was used

17m runway

Neutral running shoes (Bite Footwear)

3.3m/s⁻¹

Stance phase

Foch and Milner [22]

To determine whether women with previous ITBS exhibited differences in kinetics and kinematics during running compared to controls using a PCA approach

9-camera Vicon 3D motion analysis, force plate was used

17m runway

Neutral running shoes (Bite Footwear)

3.5m/s⁻¹

Stance phase

Foch and Milner [23]

To determine if biomechanics during running and frontal plane core endurance differ between female runners with previous ITBS and controls

9-camera Vicon 3D motion analysis, force plate was used

17m runway

Neutral running shoes (Bite Footwear)

3.5m/s⁻¹

Stance phase

Grau et al. [24]

Investigate differences between healthy runners and runners with ITBS with regards to kinematic characteristics in order to suggest treatment strategies for ITBS

6-camera Vicon 3D motion analysis, force plate was used

13m EVA foam runway

Barefoot

3.3m/s⁻¹

Stance phase

Hein et al. [25]

To determine whether or not CRP variability is an effective and beneficial method for providing information about possible differences or similarities between injured and non-injured runners

6-camera Vicon 3D motion analysis, did not state whether a force plate was used

13m EVA foam runway

Barefoot

3.3m/s⁻¹

Stance phase

Miller et al. [26]^a

To investigate the role of lower extremity coordination variability in runners with retrospective cases of ITBS during an exhaustive run

8-camera Vicon 3D motion analysis, no force plate used

Quinton treadmill at a level grade

Runners own running shoes

Speed that would exhaust the runner within 20 minutes

Full stride cycle

Miller et al. [27]^a

To expand the base of knowledge of ITBS biomechanics when comparing runners with ITBS to healthy runners during a run to voluntary exhaustion

8-camera Vicon 3D motion analysis no force plate used

Quinton treadmill at a level grade

Runners own running shoes

Speed that would exhaust the runner within 20 minutes

Full stride cycle

Noehren et al. [28]

To assess the difference in abduction and external rotation strength, ITB length as well as frontal and transverse plane kinematics at the hip and knee in men with and without ITBS

15-camera Vicon 3D motion analysis, no force plate was used

Treadmill

Neutral running shoes (New Balance WR662)

3.3m/s⁻¹

Stance phase