Table 1 Characteristics of study population (n = 669)
Characteristics | N (%) | Mean ± SD |
|---|---|---|
Demographic characteristics | ||
Gender | ||
Male | 168 (25.1) | |
Female | 501 (74.9) | |
Age (years) | 35.7 ± 8.3 | |
20–29 | 189 (28.2) | |
30–39 | 265 (39.6) | |
40–49 | 161 (24.1) | |
≥ 50 | 54 (8.1) | |
Education | ||
Lower than Bachelor’s degree | 83 (12.4) | |
Bachelor’s degree | 478 (71.5) | |
Higher than Bachelor’s degree | 108 (16.1) | |
Exercise frequency in the past 12 months | ||
Never | 158 (23.6) | |
Occasionally | 429 (64.1) | |
Regularly | 72 (10.8) | |
Not sure | 10 (1.5) | |
History of LBP | ||
Yes | 525 (78.5) | |
No | 144 (21.5) | |
Occupational-related characteristics | ||
Duration of employment (years) | 10.7 ± 8.5 | |
Working hours per day (hours per day) | 7.9 ± 1.1 | |
Working days per week (days per week) | 5.0 ± 0.5 | |
Frequent rest break | ||
Yes | 543 (81.2) | |
No | 126 (18.8) | |
Psychosocial characteristics | ||
Job control | 35.0 ± 4.4 | |
Psychological demand | 32.3 ± 4.4 | |
Physical demand | 13.4 ± 2.6 | |
Job security | 16.4 ± 1.9 | |
Social support | 30.6 ± 4.6 | |
Hazards at work | 16.7 ± 3.6 | |
Physical characteristics | ||
Weight (kg) | 60.3 ± 13.9 | |
Height (cm) | 160.1 ± 7.3 | |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 70 (10.5) | |
< 18.5 kg/m2 | 409 (61.1) | |
18.5–24.9 kg/m2 | 126 (18.8) | |
25–29.9 kg/m2 | 64 (9.6) | |
30 kg/m2 | ||
Waist circumference | 77.7 ± 11.3 | |
Trunk extension flexibility (cm) | 13.0 ± 0.8 | |
Erector spinae and multifidus endurance (s) | 71.7 ± 38.0 |