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Table 4 Odds ratios for RLS diagnosis with musculoskeletal pain variables as the input variablea

From: Musculoskeletal pain is associated with restless legs syndrome in young adults

 

Unadjusted

Adjusted for sex

Adjusted for sex and DASS-21

Adjusted for sex, DASS-21 and sleep quality

Any body pain

n = 1072

n = 1072

n = 1047

n = 1030

 No

REF

REF

REF

REF

 Yes

3.3 (1.5–7.2)**

3.1 (1.5–6.7)**

2.8 (1.2–6.6)*

3.0 (1.3–7.1)*

Pain duration

n = 1071

n = 1071

n = 1046

n = 1029

 No pain

REF

REF

REF

REF

 Short duration

2.1 (0.6–7.4)

2.0 (0.6–7.1)

1.9 (0.6–6.4)

2.2 (0.6–7.7)

 Long duration

4.1 (1.8–9.3)**

3.8 (1.7–8.6)**

3.3 (1.4–7.5)**

3.6 (1.4–9.2)**

Pain intensity last week

n = 1067

n = 1067

n = 1044

n = 1027

 No pain

REF

REF

REF

REF

 Mild pain

2.9 (1.1–7.4)*

2.7 (1.1–7.0)*

2.7 (1.0–7.0)*

3.0 (1.0–8.2)*

 Moderate pain

4.1 (1.6–10.7)**

4.0 (1.6–10.2)**

3.3 (1.1–10.1)*

3.6 (1.1–12.3)*

 Severe pain

3.3 (0.9–12.1)

2.8 (0.8–10.4)

2.7 (0.8–9.4)

2.9 (0.8–10.0)

Pain intensity last 3 months

n = 1067

n = 1067

n = 1044

n = 1027

 No pain

REF

REF

REF

REF

 Mild pain

1.9 (0.6–5.6)

1.8 (0.6–5.4)

1.6 (0.6–5.0)

1.8 (0.6–5.4)

 Moderate pain

3.0 (0.9–9.9)

2.9 (0.9–9.3)

2.5 (0.9–7.4)

2.8 (0.8–10.0)

 Severe pain

3.9 (1.3–11.5)*

3.5 (1.2–10.3)*

3.0 (1.0–8.6)*

3.2 (0.9–10.6)

Pain frequency last 3 months

n = 1067

n = 1067

n = 1044

n = 1027

 No pain

REF

REF

REF

REF

 Low

2.1 (0.7–5.8)

2.0 (0.7–5.7)

1.9 (0.7–5.4)

2.1 (0.7–6.5)

 Moderate

4.1 (1.3–13.1)*

3.8 (1.2–12.2)*

3.5 (1.2–10.4)*

3.9 (1.2–12.7)*

 High

3.8 (1.4–10.4)**

3.4 (1.3–9.4)*

2.9 (1.0–8.8)

3.2 (1.0–10.4)

Number of pain sites

n = 1072

n = 1072

n = 1047

n = 1030

 No pain

REF

REF

REF

REF

 One site

2.9 (1.2–7.3)*

2.8 (1.1–7.1)*

2.8 (0.9–8.4)

3.1 (1.1–8.5)*

 Two sites

3.1 (0.9–10.0)

2.9 (0.9–9.1)

2.4 (0.7–7.8)

2.6 (0.8–8.9)

 Three or more

6.1 (2.0–18.5)**

5.5 (1.8–16.9)**

4.5 (1.4–15.3)*

4.9 (1.6–14.6)**

  1. aOdds ratios are given with 95 % Confidence Intervals. The DASS-21 total score showed strong correlation with the three subscales and was used as a continuous covariate in the multivariable logistic regression analysis. * = p <0.05; ** = p <0.01. RLS restless legs syndrome, DASS-21 Depression-, Anxiety and Stress Scale