| Perioperative stroke (N (%)) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall | p-value* | Hemorrhagic | Ischemic | ||||
Total | 371 (0.2) | (0.22) | Â | 53 | (0.03) | 318 | (0.19) |
Age, years | Â | Â | <0.001 | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 ≤49 | 15 | (0.06) |  | 6 | (0.02) | 9 | (0.03) |
 50–59 | 29 | (0.12) |  | 8 | (0.03) | 21 | (0.09) |
 60–69 | 85 | (0.19) |  | 14 | (0.03) | 71 | (0.16) |
 70–79 | 156 | (0.29) |  | 18 | (0.03) | 138 | (0.26) |
 ≥80 | 86 | (0.50) |  | 7 | (0.04) | 79 | (0.46) |
Sex | Â | Â | 0.23 | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Male | 207 | (0.21) |  | 30 | (0.03) | 177 | (0.18) |
 Female | 164 | (0.24) |  | 23 | (0.03) | 141 | (0.21) |
Surgical procedures | Â | Â | <0.001 | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Resection of spinal cord tumor | 19 | (0.37) |  | 7 | (0.13) | 12 | (0.23) |
 Discectomy | 16 | (0.07) |  | 6 | (0.02) | 10 | (0.04) |
 Decompression surgery | 193 | (0.23) |  | 18 | (0.02) | 175 | (0.21) |
 Arthrodesis surgery | 143 | (0.27) |  | 22 | (0.04) | 121 | (0.23) |
Cervical spinal surgery | 99 | (0.28) | 0.008 | 13 | (0.04) | 86 | (0.25) |
 Others | 272 | (0.21) |  | 40 | (0.03) | 232 | (0.18) |
History of cardiac disease | 60 | (0.49) | <0.001 | 6 | (0.05) | 54 | (0.44) |
 No history | 311 | (0.20) |  | 47 | (0.03) | 264 | (0.17) |
Diabetes | 110 | (0.41) | <0.001 | 9 | (0.03) | 101 | (0.37) |
 No history | 261 | (0.19) |  | 44 | (0.03) | 217 | (0.15) |
Hypertension | 129 | (0.39) | <0.001 | 17 | (0.05) | 112 | (0.34) |
 No history | 242 | (0.18) |  | 36 | (0.03) | 206 | (0.15) |
History of stroke | 5 | (0.13) | 0.29 | 1 | (0.03) | 4 | (0.11) |
 No history | 366 | (0.22) |  | 52 | (0.03) | 314 | (0.19) |
Hemodialysis | 15 | (0.45) | 0.01 | 4 | (0.12) | 11 | (0.33) |
 No hemodialysis | 356 | (0.22) |  | 49 | (0.03) | 307 | (0.20) |
Blood transfusion | 52 | (0.50) | <0.001 | 9 | (0.09) | 43 | (0.41) |
 No transfusion | 319 | (0.20) |  | 44 | (0.03) | 275 | (0.18) |
Teaching institution | 107 | (0.30) | 0.001 | 17 | (0.05) | 90 | (0.25) |
 Non-teaching institution | 264 | (0.20) |  | 36 | (0.03) | 228 | (0.17) |