|
Burt et al. 2011 [48]
|
CS (baseline)
|
US
|
n = 464 workers from hospital servicea, engine and bus plant workplaces
|
Abnormal NCS + symptoms (hand diagram)
|
ACGIH TLV for HAL; Exertion/min. or time in %)b; Peak force (% time)c; Flexion/Extension (% time)d; Vibration (observed yes/no)
|
Peak force ≥20 % vs. <20 %: OR 1.3 (0.6–3.0); peak force ≥70 % vs. <20 %: OR 2.7 (1.3–5.7); exertion ≥15/min vs. <10/min if BMI ≥30: OR 3.4 (1.1–9.9); perceived exertion (unit increase): OR 1.14 (1.0-1.3); ≥AL- < TLV vs. <AL: OR 2.3 (0.6-8.9); ≥TLV vs. <AL: OR 3.0 (1.5–5.8); HAL (unit increase) if male: OR 1.4 (1.1–1.8)
|
Sex; BMI ≥ 30; arthritis; high blood pressure
|
High (16/20)
|
|
Burt et al. 2013 [47]
|
Cohort (2-years)
|
US
|
n = 347 workers from hospital servicea, engine and bus plant workplaces
|
Abnormal NCS + symptoms (hand diagram)
|
ACGIH TLV for HAL; TLR; Exertion/min. or time in %)b; Peak force (% time)c; Flexion/Extension (% time)d; Vibration (observed yes/no)
|
Exertion/min. ≥20 % vs <20 %: HR 2.8 (1.2-6.8); exertion/min. ≥60 % vs. <20 %: HR 19.6 (6.0–64.2); TLR (unit increase): HR 1.4 (1.1-1.8)
|
BMI ≥ 30; job strain
|
High (19/20)
|
|
Garg et al. 2012 [49]
|
Cohort (6-years)
|
US
|
n = 551 workers from processing, assembly, manufacturing workplaces
|
Abnormal NCS + symptoms (intensity ≥25 %/d + duration ≥2 month)
|
ACGIH TLV for HAL; SI score
|
≥AL- < TLV vs. <AL: HR 1.4 (0.6-3.8); ≥TLV vs. <AL: HR 2.0 (0.8-5.0); SI score >6.1 vs. <6.1: HR 2.5 (1.0-6.1);
|
Age; BMI ≥ 30; gardening; depression; co-morbidity (other MSDs; arthritis)
|
High (18/20)
|
|
Evanoff et al. 2014 [51]
|
Cohort (3-years)
|
US
|
n = 1107 newly hired workers from construction, technical, laboratory, clerical and hospital service workplaces
|
Abnormal NCS + symptoms (hand diagram)
|
Job title based exposure on data from O*NET (job title and requirements): repetitive motion (5-point); static/ dynamic strength (7-point)
|
Results for most recent jobs (≤6 months): repetitive motion: OR 3.3 (1.4–7.8); static strength: OR 4.4 (1.4–13.9); dynamic strength: OR 3.6 (1.04-12.4);
|
Age; sex; BMI
|
Moderate (13/20)
|
|
Bonfiglioli et al. 2013 [50]
|
Cohort (2-years)
|
IT
|
n = 2194 workers from factories producing domestic appliances and nursery school
|
Abnormal NCS + symptoms (hand diagram)
|
ACGIH TLV for HAL; vibration (observed yes/no)
|
≥AL- < TLV vs. <AL: IRR 2.0 (1.2–3.2); ≥TLV vs. <AL: IRR 2.7 (1.5–4.9); HAL (unit increase): IRR 1.4 (1.2–1.6); peak force (unit increase): IRR 1.3 (1.1–1.6)
|
Age; sex; BMI; predisposing diseases (0 vs. ≥1)
|
High (17/20)
|
|
Coggon et al. 2013 [53]
|
CC
|
GB
|
n = 475 patients; n = 799 controls
|
Abnormal NCS + symptoms (duration ≥1 month)
|
Repeated movements of wrist >4 h/day; repeated bending of elbow >1 h/day; keyboard/ mouse use >4 h/day; vibration >1 h/day
|
Repeated movements: OR 1.5 (1.1–1.9); vibration: OR 2.4 (1.6–3.8)
|
Age; sex; BMI; ethnicity; smoking; other diseases, somatic symptoms; mental health; psychosocial factors
|
Moderate (9/20)
|
|
Goodson et al. 2014 [52]
|
CC
|
US
|
n = 87 patients; n = 74 controls
|
Abnormal NCS + symptoms
|
Repetition; force; repetition + force combined; vibration; total occupational exposure
|
Repetition: OR 1.8 (1.5–2.2)
|
Age, BMI, job satisfaction, vigorous exercise; exercise strain; physical activities
|
Moderate (12/20)
|
