Table 3 Risk factors associated with chronic musculoskeletal disorder in elderly population, Ghana

Gender

 Men

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Women

1.36

1.20, 1.54*

1.30

1.11, 1.53

1.45

1.20, 1.74*

1.37

1.06, 1.78*

Age group

 50–59

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 60–69

1.17

1.00, 1.38*

1.18

1.00, 1.39

1.48

1.15, 1.91*

1.50

1.15, 1.95*

 70–79

1.43

1.21, 1.69*

1.41

1.18, 1.68

2.01

1.57, 2.57*

2.02

1.56, 2.62*

 80+

1.36

1.09, 1.69

1.40

1.11, 1.76

2.30

1.69, 3.14*

2.39

1.74, 3.30*

Settings

 Rural

1.00

1.00

 Urban

1.01

0.86, 1.18

1.03

0.76, 1.40

Educational level

 No formal education

1.00

1.00

 Primary education

1.03

0.88, 1.21

0.86

0.65, 1.15

 Secondary education

0.84

0.69, 1.02

0.79

0.61, 1.03

 Uni/postgraduate

0.87

0.59, 1.27

0.72

0.41, 1.24

Marital status

 Never married

0.76

0.40, 1.45

0.76

0.38, 1.52

0.80

0.32, 2.04

0.73

0.27, 1.97

 Currently married/cohabiting

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Separated/divorced

1.18

0.99, 1.41

1.10

0.92, 1.32

1.26

0.99, 1.61

1.15

0.88, 1.41

 Widowed

1.34

1.17, 1.52*

1.10

0.93, 1.30

1.49

1.21, 1.83*

1.07

0.80, 1.43

Type of work

 Professional

0.95

0.55, 1.64

0.15

0.67, 1.96

0.56

0.27, 1.19

0.68

0.32, 1.45

 Skilled agricultural

1.06

0.90, 1.24

1.15

0.97, 1.37

0.90

0.67, 1.22

1.04

0.76, 1.41

 Plant

1.00

0.77, 1.29

1.08

0.83, 1.39

0.76

0.46, 1.25

0.84

0.50, 1.41

 Elementary occupation

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Socio-economic status

 Poorest

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Poor

1.44

1.14, 1.83*

1.45

1.14, 1.84*

1.32

0.91, 1.91

1.32

0.92, 1.92

 Middle

2.04

1.65, 2.52*

2.03

1.64, 2.51*

1.38

0.96, 1.99

1.38

0.95, 2.00

 Upper fifth

1.58

1.23, 2.02*

1.62

1.27, 2.08*

1.43

0.99, 2.06

1.49

1.03, 2.17*

 Wealthiest

1.46

1.15, 1.85*

1.61

1.26, 2.06*

1.68

1.15, 2.44*

1.95

1.33, 2.85*