Association between anti-Porphyromonas gingivalis or anti-α-enolase antibody and severity of periodontitis or rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease activity in RA

Table 1 Demographic and periodontal characteristics of patients with RA and healthy controls

Parameter	RA	Healthy controls	p value
Parameter	(n = 248)	(n = 85)	p value
Age (years, mean ± SE)	60.1 ± 0.7	59.13 ± 1.3	0.512
Female (n, %)	218 (87.9)	74 (87.1)	0.995
Smoking status^a
Current (%)	5 (2.1)	4 (4.7)	0.241
Former (%)	9 (3.8)	4 (4.7)	0.746
Never (%)	224 (94.1)	77 (90.6)	0.228
Severity of periodontitis
Slight (%)	88 (35.5)	57 (67.1)	<0.0001^†
Moderate (%)	153 (61.7)	28 (32.9)
Severe (%)	7 (2.8)	0 (0)
Number of remaining teeth (mean ± SE)	25.3 ± 0.2	25.9 ± 0.3	0.063
Periodontal indices
Plaque index (PI)	0.85 ± 0.03	0.69 ± 0.03	0.014
Gingival index (GI)	0.51 ± 0.03	0.14 ± 0.02	<0.0001
Probing pocket depth (PPD)	20.42 ± 0.98	11.69 ± 1.00	<0.0001
Bleeding on probing (BOP)	1.97 ± 0.02	1.74 ± 0.02	<0.0001
Clinical attachment level (CAL)	3.25 ± 0.05	2.89 ± 0.05	<0.0001

RA, rheumatoid arthritis; SE, standard error; slight periodontitis, clinical attachment loss 1–2 mm; moderate periodontitis, clinical attachment loss 3–4 mm; severe periodontitis, clinical attachment loss ≥ 5 mm by the American Academy of Periodontology 2004 classification
^aSmoking status of 10 RA patients could not be obtained
^†p value by chi-square test (slight vs. moderate and severe)

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