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Table 2 Means and standard deviations for age and pain-related constructs and their correlations with the subscales Avoidance and Fusion (without item 3)

From: The Psychological Inflexibility in Pain Scale (PIPS) – validation, factor structure and comparison to the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ) and other validated measures in German chronic back pain patients

 

M

SD

Correlation with Avoidance

Correlation with Fusion

Sex

.05

.03

Age

51.01

10.47

–.17*

–.10

Pain duration (years)

12.71

10.86

–.21*

–.26**

Current paina

4.90

2.41

.24**

.06

Average pain last 4 weeksa

5.50

2.07

.22**

.17*

TSK

36.04

7.85

.58***

.27***

PCS

19.73

12.06

.56***

.41***

 Rumination

6.63

4.14

.52***

.42***

 Magnification

3.58

2.68

.46***

.42***

 Helplessness

9.52

6.23

.52***

.32***

PDI

34.21

14.65

.46***

.31***

QBPDS

39.97

20.11

.42***

.14

CPAQ total

60.34

20.75

–.81***

–.43***

 Activity Engagement

34.11

12.67

–.69***

–.22**

 Pain Willingness

26.23

10.76

–.74***

–.55***

HADS Anxiety

10.01

3.46

.37***

.22**

HADS Depression

10.22

3.86

.48***

.12

  1. TSK: Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia; PCS: Pain Catastrophizing Scale; PDI: Pain Disability Index; QBPDS: Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale; CPAQ: Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire; HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
  2. Notes: a Pain rated on a 0–10 numeric rating scale by the person. * p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001