Short-term effect on pain and function of neurophysiological education and sensorimotor retraining compared to usual physiotherapy in patients with chronic or recurrent non-specific low back pain, a pilot randomized controlled trial

Table 4 Treatment outcomes

	Within-group mean difference [95% CI] *		Between-group mean difference [95% CI], (p-value 2-tailed)
	MMT n = 14	UPT n = 13	Between-group mean difference [95% CI], (p-value 2-tailed)
*Primary outcome*
Pain NRS	2.14 [1.0 to 3.5]	0.69 [-2.0 to 2.5.]	1.45 [0.0 to 4.0] (p = 0.03)
*Secondary outcomes*
Disability PSFS	2.55 [1.3 to 3.8]	1.13 [-0.1 to 2.4]	1.42 [-0.25 to 3.09] (p = 0.09)
Disability RMDQ	6.71 [4.2 to 9.3]	4.69 [1.9 to 7.4]	2.02 [-1.5 to 5.6] (p = 0.25)
Fear avoidance beliefs FABQ	4.79 [0.6 to 8.9]	3.85 [-2.8 to 10.5]	0.94 [-6.3 to 8.2] (p = 0.79)
Pain catastrophizing PCS	3.43 [0.1 to 6.7]	6.15 [0.2 to 12.1]	-2.73 [-9.3 to 3.8] (p = 0.40)
Sensory acuity TPD	11.79 [6.8 to 16.8]	-2.69 [-14.3 to 8.9]	14.48 [2.2 to 26.8] (p = 0.02)
Movement control, positive out of 6 tests	-0.29 [-2 to 1]	-0.69 [-1.5 to 0.0]	0.50 [-1.0 to 2.0] (p = 0.29)
Pain medication during prior 7 days	13	11
- none		2
- NSAID	1	0
- opioids		1 missing data

MMT multimodal treatment (group); UPT usual physiotherapy treatment (group); *[95% CI] 95 percent confidence interval for normal distributed data; p-value; NRS numeric rating scale; PSFS patient-specific functional scale; RMDQ Roland and Morris Disability Questionnaire; FABQ Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire; PCS Pain Catastrophizing Scale; TPD two-point-discrimination; NSAID non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.

ISSN: 1471-2474