Variables | Males | Females | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N Mean (SD); percentage | N Mean (SD); percentage | |||||
Participants included in the analysis | Participants excluded from the analysisa | p-value | Participants included in the analysis | Participants excluded from the analysisa | p-value | |
Follow-up at 11 years | ||||||
Family income | N = 1601 | N = 590 | N = 1706 | N = 555 | ||
1219.77 (2966.82) | 1054.02 (2403.48) | 0.224b | 1062.79 (1597.87) | 849.28 (1565.43) | 0.006b | |
Maternal education (years) | N = 1601 | N = 572 | N = 1706 | N = 535 | ||
0-4 | 24.9% | 29.6% | 0.099c | 22.6% | 35.9% | <0.001c |
5-8 | 42.5% | 42.1% | 43.5% | 44.1% | ||
9-11 | 22.4% | 20.1% | 23.5% | 13.6% | ||
≥12 | 10.2% | 8.2% | 10.4% | 6.4% | ||
Skin color | N = 1601 | N = 509 | N = 1706 | N = 507 | ||
White | 65.5% | 60.5% | 0.040c | 65.2% | 59.2% | 0.013c |
Non-white | 34.5% | 39.5% | 34.8% | 40.8% | ||
Total physical activity (minutes/week) | N = 1601 | N = 515 | N = 1706 | N = 465 | ||
514.80 (523.77) | 559.49 (563.32) | 0.098b | 347.41 (405.32) | 325.42 (367.51) | 0.29b | |
Smoking | N = 1601 | N = 484 | N = 1706 | N = 487 | ||
No | 97.6% | 96.3% | 0.129c | 98.1% | 96.7% | 0.061c |
Yes | 2.4% | 3.7% | 1.9% | 3.3% | ||
BMI z scored | N = 1601 | N = 583 | N = 1706 | N = 551 | ||
0.46 (1.22) | 0.52 (1.35) | 0.349b | 0.27 (1.23) | 0.31 (1.20) | 0.531b | |
Follow-up at 18 years | ||||||
Total physical activity (minutes/week) | N = 1601 | N = 407 | N = 1706 | N = 381 | ||
855.53 (914.26) | 910.45 (913.21) | 0.279b | 455.94 (583.28) | 460.20 (521.76) | 0.895b | |
Smoking | N = 1601 | N = 414 | N = 1706 | N = 385 | ||
No | 86.2% | 79.5% | 0.001c | 88.5% | 81.0% | <0.001c |
Yes | 13.8% | 20.5% | 11.5% | 19.0% | ||
BMI z scored | N = 1601 | N = 372 | N = 1706 | N = 295 | ||
0.25 (1.15) | 0.45 (1.39) | 0.005b | 0.44 (1.18) | 0.47 (1.30) | 0.753b | |
Fat mass (kg) | N = 1601 | N = 369 | N = 1706 | N = 297 | ||
12.46 (8.72) | 14.40 (12.60) | <0.001b | 20.75 (8.90) | 21.19 (11.60) | 0.453b | |
Fat free mass (kg) | N = 1601 | N = 369 | N = 1706 | N = 297 | ||
57.74 (7.04) | 58.67 (8.25) | 0.026b | 40.15 (4.99) | 40.67 (5.41) | 0.101b | |
Height (m) | N = 1601 | N = 369 | N = 1706 | N = 298 | ||
1.74 (0.07) | 1.74 (0.08) | 0.857b | 1.61 (0.06) | 1.61 (0.06) | 0.874b | |
Calcium intake (mg/day) | N = 1601 | N = 336 | N = 1706 | N = 316 | ||
709.16 (332.71) | 726.61 (340.34) | 0.384b | 694.27 (351.62) | 679.39 (364.83) | 0.492b | |
Bone mineral content (g) | N = 1601 | N = 302 | N = 1706 | N = 246 | ||
2963.12 (465.24) | 2927.32 (441.61) | 0.216b | 2410.69 (396.08) | 2411.90 (386.86) | 0.964b | |
Bone mineral density (g/cm2) | N = 1601 | N = 302 | N = 1706 | N = 246 | ||
1.22 (0.10) | 1.22 (0.09) | 0.544b | 1.13 (0.08) | 1.13 (0.08) | 0.902b |