| McKenzie group | Manipulation group |  |  | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Number of patients | % | Total | Number of patients | % | Total | RR (95% CI) | P-value |
Age | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Below 40 | 107 | 61.6% | 175 | 117 | 66.9% | 175 | 0.91 (0.78-1.07) | 0.27 |
Gender | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Male | 72 | 41.1% | 175 | 83 | 47.4% | 175 | 0.87 (0.69-1.10) | 0.24 |
Duration of symptoms | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 More than a year | 55 | 31.4% | 175 | 54 | 30.9% | 175 | 1.01 (0.88-1.16) | 0.91 |
Disability | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Mild/moderate¤ | 64 | 36.6% | 175 | 68 | 38.9% | 175 | 0.94 (0.72-1.23) | 0.66 |
Leg pain¤¤ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Moderate/severe | 92 | 52.6% | 175 | 87 | 49.7% | 175 | 1.06 (0.85-1.32) | 0.59 |
Back pain¤¤ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Mild | 19 | 10.9% | 175 | 24 | 13.7% | 175 | 0.79 (0.45-1.39) | 0.42 |
Sickleave past year | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Six days or less¤¤¤ | 85 | 52.1% | 163 | 87 | 52.7% | 165 | 0.99 (0.80-1.20) | 0.92 |
Nerve root involvement | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Yes* | 18 | 10.3% | 175 | 16 | 9.1% | 175 | 1.13 (0.59-3.13) | 0.72 |
Pain below the knee | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Yes | 88 | 50.3% | 175 | 102 | 58.3% | 175 | 0.86 (0.71-1.05) | 0.13 |
Expectations to recovery | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 High** | 84 | 52.5% | 160 | 68 | 49.3% | 138 | 1.07 (0.85-1.33) | 0.58 |
Expectations to work | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 High*** | 63 | 37.1% | 170 | 76 | 43.9% | 173 | 0.84 (0.65-1.09) | 0.20 |
Pain response | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Centralization§ | 151 | 86.3% | 175 | 156 | 89.1% | 175 | 0.97 (0.89-1.05) | 0.42 |