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Table 5 Comparison of fresh-fracture patients who healed with LIPUS to patients who did not heal

From: A cohort study of 4,190 patients treated with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS): findings in the elderly versus all patients

 

Healed (± SD)

N or %

Failed (± SD)

N or %

Significance

Patient age (years)

43.2 (±18.1)

4,000

47.7 (±16.7)

157

0.0009

Weight (lb)

170.4 (±43.1)

3,166

173.9 (±41.9)

130

NS

Height (in)

67.9 (±4.7)

3,181

67.0 (±4.4)

128

NS

Body-mass index

25.8 (±5.5)

3,150

26.9 (±5.8)

128

NS

Days-to-treatment (mean)

38.3 (±24.3)

4,013

47.1 (±27.3)

157

0.0001

Days-on-treatment (mean)

115.6 (±83.1)

4,032

193.0 (±119.7)

158

<0.0001

Female (vs. male) (%)**

1,674 (vs. 2,356)

41.5%

71 (vs. 85)

45.5%

NS

Open (vs. closed fracture) (%)**

669 (vs. 3,212)

17.2%

41 (vs. 108)

27.5%

0.002

Number of prior procedures (mean)

1.4 (±0.8)

950

1.6 (±1.2)

41

NS

Number of comorbidities (mean)

1.4 (±0.7)

727

1.4 (±0.5)

36

NS

Number of medications (mean)

0.4 (±0.7)

2,639

0.7 (±0.9)

108

0.003

Smoking years (mean)

5.0 (±10.6)

3,062

7.2 (±11.8)

121

NS

  1. This approach should be very sensitive to risk factors that increase the risk of treatment failure. The p values shown are from T-tests, except for comparisons with an asterisk (**), which were tested using Fischer’s exact test because they are dichotomous variables.