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Table 1 Basic characteristics of included studies

From: Efficacy of anti–tumor necrosis factor therapy for extra-articular manifestations in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a meta–analysis

Study

No. of patients

Age (years)

Male patients N (%)

Duration of AS (years)

Study Duration (weeks)

Medications allowed during the study

Modified Jadad Score

Risk of bias

Sequence generation

Allocation concealment

blinding

Incomplete outcome data

Selective outcome reporting

other sources of bias

ADA

             

van der Heijde D. 2006 [31]

315

   

24

DMARDs, NSAIDs and glucocorticoids

6

?

?

ADA 40 mg every 2 weeks

208

41.7 ± 11.69

157 (75.5)

11.3 ± 9.99

         

Placebo

107

43.4 ± 11.32

79 (73.8)

10.0 ± 8.34

         

ETA

             

Brandt J. 2003 [32]

30

   

24

NSAIDs

8

ETA 25 mg twice weekly

14

38.9 ± 9.1

10 (71.4)

14.9 ± 8.3

         

Placebo

16

32.0 ± 7.5

12 (75)

11.4 ± 8.8

         

Davis JC Jr. 2003 [33]

277

   

24

DMARDs, NSAIDs and glucocorticoids

6

?

?

ETA 25 mg twice weekly

138

42.1 (24–70)

105 (76)

10.1 (0–30.7)

         

Placebo

139

41.9 (18–65)

105 (76)

10.5 (0–35.3)

         

van der Heijde D. 2006 [34]

356

   

12

DMARDs, NSAIDs and glucocorticoids

6

?

?

ETA 25 mg twice weekly

150

39.8 ± 10.7

114 (76)

10.0 ± 9.1

         

ETA 50 mg weekly

155

41.5 ± 11.0

109 (70)

9.0 ± 8.7

         

Placebo

51

40.1 ± 10.9

40 (78)

8.5 ± 6.8

         

IFX

             

Braun J. 2002 [35]

69

   

12

NSAIDs

8

IFX 5 mg/Kg

34

40.6 ± 8.0

23 (68)

16.4 ± 8.3

         

Placebo

35

39.0 ± 9.1

22 (63)

14.9 ± 9.3

         

Marzo-Ortega H. 2005 [36]

42

   

30

NSAIDs, oral corticosteroids

8

IFX 5 mg/Kg + MTX

28

41 (28–74)

23 (82.14)

8 (0–41)

         

Placebo + MTX

14

39 (30–56)

11 (78.57)

10 (0–35)

         

GOL

             

Inman RD. 2008 [37]

356

   

24

NSAIDs, MTX, SSA, HCQ, corticosteroids

7

?

?

GOL 50 mg

138

38 (29–46)

102 (73.8)

5.15 (1.60–11.60)

         

GOL 100 mg

140

38 (30–47)

98 (70.0)

5.20 (1.50–13.25)

         

Placebo

78

41 (31–50)

55 (70.5)

7.25 (2.80–18.60)

         

CZP

             

Landewé R. 2014 [38]

325

   

24

DMARDs, NSAIDs, MTX, SSA

6

?

?

CZP 200 mg every 2 weeks

111

39.1 ± 11.9

67 (60.4)

6.9 (0.3–34.2)

         

CZP 400 mg every 4 weeks

107

39.8 ± 11.3

68 (63.6)

7.9 (0.3–44.8)

         

Placebo

107

39.9 ± 12.4

65 (60.7)

7.7 (0.3–50.9)

         
  1. ADA = adalimumab; ETA = etanercept; IFX = infliximab; GOL = golimumab; CZP: certolizumab; MTX = methotrexate; DMARDs = disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs; NSAIDs = non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; SSA = sulfasalazine; HCQ = hydroxychloroquine; √, low risk of bias; ?, unclear risk of bias.