Altered movement patterns and muscular activity during single and double leg squats in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament injury

Table 1 Characteristics of the 16 participants with ACL rupture

Body Mass Index (BMI; kg/m²), mean (SD)	24.6 (5.1)
Dominant side: right	14
Injured side: dominant	6
Participants with Magnetic Resonance Imaging-verified associated meniscal afflictions	5
collateral ligament injury	5
compressive trauma/bone bruise	13
KOOS sport/recreation, mean (SD)	38.1 (32.3)
KOOS quality of life, mean (SD)	44.7 (21.1)
IKDC, mean (SD)	58.2 (16.3)
Tegner activity scale before injury, median (min – max)	6 (3 – 10)
Tegner activity scale at the testing occasion, median (min – max)	3 (1 – 6)
TSP Total score non-injured side, median (min – max)	0 (0 – 5)
TSP Total score injured side, median (min – max)	9.5 (2 – 20)
p-value	p ≤ 0.000
median difference, 95% CI	6.5 (5 – 12)

KOOS = Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score. The 2 subscales sport/recreation and quality of life (range from 0 “extreme problems” to 100 “no problems”) were used in this study.
IKDC = the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Evaluation Form (ranging from 0 “absence of symptoms” to 100 “no limitations of daily living”).
Tegner activity scale (ranging from 1 “low activity like walking on even ground” to 10 “high activity like American football”).
TSP = Test for Substitution Patterns (comprising 5 test-movements; total score ranging from 0 “no substitution pattern” to 54 “very clearly present, subject performed very poorly” where altered movements (substitution patterns) were scored as observable, predefined deviations of postural orientation).
SD = Standard Deviation.
95% CI = 95% Confidence Interval.

ISSN: 1471-2474