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Table 6 Clinical factors
| Risk factors(clinical factors) | Studies reporting on a risk factor for THA or TKA:total number,number reporting a significant (p ≤ .05) increased (+)or decreased (−)risk,and number with no significant association (p >. 05) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| THA | TKA | |||||||
| N | p ≤ .05 | p > .05 | N | p ≤ .05 | p > .05 | |||
| + | - | + | - | |||||
| Underlying diagnosis | ||||||||
| RA (vs. without RA) | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| RA (vs. OA)* | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Trauma (vs. OA) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Osteonecrosis (vs. OA) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Dysplasia (vs. OA) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Comorbidity | ||||||||
| Higher Charlson index† | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - |
| Stroke | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Heart disease | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| CHF/MI‡ | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Coronary artery disease | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Valve disease | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Arrhythmia | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| VTE history | 6 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| Venous stasis | - | - | - | - | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Varicose vein | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Pulmonary disease | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Sleep apnea | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Neurological disease | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Liver and kidney disease | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| CKD3B (vs. CKD1-3A)§ | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - |
| Metabolic syndrome | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| Hypertension | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Dyslipidemia | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Gout | - | - | - | - | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Hematological disease | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Endocrine disease | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Malignancy | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| Medication | ||||||||
| Hormone replacement | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Herbal therapy | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
