Table 6 Clinical factors
Risk factors(clinical factors) | Studies reporting on a risk factor for THA or TKA:total number,number reporting a significant (p ≤ .05) increased (+)or decreased (−)risk,and number with no significant association (p >. 05) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
THA | TKA | |||||||
N | p ≤ .05 | p > .05 | N | p ≤ .05 | p > .05 | |||
+ | - | + | - | |||||
Underlying diagnosis | ||||||||
RA (vs. without RA) | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
RA (vs. OA)* | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Trauma (vs. OA) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | - | - | - | - |
Osteonecrosis (vs. OA) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | - | - | - | - |
Dysplasia (vs. OA) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | - | - | - | - |
Comorbidity | ||||||||
Higher Charlson index† | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Cardiovascular disease | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - |
Stroke | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Heart disease | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
CHF/MI‡ | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Coronary artery disease | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Valve disease | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Arrhythmia | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
VTE history | 6 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
Venous stasis | - | - | - | - | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Varicose vein | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
Pulmonary disease | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Sleep apnea | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Neurological disease | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Liver and kidney disease | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | - | - | - | - |
CKD3B (vs. CKD1-3A)§ | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - |
Metabolic syndrome | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
Diabetes mellitus | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
Hypertension | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
Dyslipidemia | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Gout | - | - | - | - | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Hematological disease | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Endocrine disease | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Malignancy | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
Medication | ||||||||
Hormone replacement | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
Herbal therapy | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |