Table 3 Meta-analyses

3-4 months follow up

3

254

−0.37 [−0.62, −0.12]

0.004

0%

6 month follow up

3

260

−0.43 [−0.95, 0.08]

0.10

76%

12 month follow up

4

397

−0.21 [−0.70, 0.29]

0.42

83%

3-4 months follow up

2

119

−0.35 [−0.62, −0.08]

0.01

0%

6 month follow up

2

185

−0.64 [−1.15, −0.13]

0.01

65%

12 month follow up

2

253

−0.37 [−1.36, 0.61]

0.46

93%

3-4 months follow up

2

103

−0.45 [−0.85, −0.06]

0.02

0%

6 month follow up

4

287

−0.29 [−0.68, 0.10]

0.15

60%

12 month follow up

4

281

−0.15 [−0.64, 0.35]

0.57

75%

3-4 months follow up

1

27

−0.27 [−1.05, 0.50]

0.49

6 month follow up

2

185

−0.58 [−0.88, −0.29]

0.0001

0%

12 month follow up

1

110

−0.73 [−1.12, −0.35]

0.0002

3-4 months follow up

2

178

−4.14 [−7.10, 1.18]

0.006

82%

6 month follow up

1

74

0.00 [−1.37, 1.37]

1.00

12 month follow up

2

217

0.42 [−0.54, 1.38]

0.39

0%

3-4 months follow up

1

143

−2.60 [−4.48, −0.72]

0.007

6 month follow up

0

12 month follow up

1

143

0.20 [−0.92, 1.32]

0.73

3-4 months follow up

4

321

−5.23 [−11.16, 0.70]

0.08

83%

6 month follow up

3

217

−4.06 [−6.67, −1.46]

0.02

0%

12 month follow up

4

360

−2.21 [−4.31, −0.10]

0.04

0%

3-4 months follow up

1

116

−2.00 [−4.78, 0.78]

0.16

6 month follow up

1

116

−5.00 [−8.14, −1.86]

0.002

12 month follow up

2

259

−2.38 [−4.80, 0.05]

0.05

0%

Walking

Longest follow up (all 12 months)

3

169

−0.17 [−0.48, 0.13]

0.27

0%

3-4 months follow up

4

310

−0.03 [−0.25, 0.19]

0.80

0%

6 month follow up

2

150

0.05 [−0.27, 0.38]

0.74

0%

12 month follow up

2

214

0.11 [−0.16, 0.38]

0.42

0%

3-4 months follow up

2

199

−0.15 [−0.43, 0.13]

0.29

0%

6 month follow up

1

82

0.18 [−0.25, 0.62]

0.41

12 month follow up

1

87

0.01 [−0.41, 0.44]

0.95

3-4 months follow up

3

248

−0.00 [−0.25, 0.25]

0.98

0%

6 month follow up

1

85

−0.05 [−0.48, 0.38]

0.82

12 month follow up

1

92

−0.13 [−0.53, 0.28]

0.55

3-4 months follow up

2

207

−0.07 [−0.35, 0.20]

0.59

0%

6 month follow up

1

85

−0.05 [−0.48, 0.38]

0.82

12 month follow up

1

92

−0.13 [−0.53, 0.28]

0.55

3-4 months follow up

3

261

−0.21 [−0.46, 0.05]

0.11

6%

6 month follow up

0

12 month follow up

1

83

−0.18 [−0.61, 0.25]

0.41

3-4 months follow up

3

261

−0.21 [−0.46, 0.05]

0.11

6%

6 month follow up

0

12 month follow up

1

83

−0.18 [−0.61, 0.25]

0.41

3-4 months follow up

3

329

−0.22 [−0.44, −0.01]

0.04

0%

6 month follow up

1

68

−0.18 [−0.65, 0.30]

0.47

12 month follow up

2

202

0.07 [−0.21, 0.35]

0.61

0%

3-4 months follow up

3

329

−0.22 [−0.44, −0.01]

0.04

0%

6 month follow up

1

68

−0.18 [−0.65, 0.30]

0.47

12 month follow up

1

83

−0.05 [−0.48, 0.38]

0.81

Walking

Longest follow up (2 studies 12 months, 1 study 6 months)

3

267

−0.02 [−0.26, 0.22]

0.87

37%