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Table 4 Internal/external torques and inversion/eversion moments at the ankle, normalised with respect to body weight*height.

From: Muscle performance and ankle joint mobility in long-term patients with diabetes

 

Mean value (SD)

t value of multiple comparisons

 

C

D

DN

C vs D

C vs DN

D vs DN

Internal rotation (p = 0.000)

1.12 (0.53)

0.83 (0.65) *

0.66 (0.38) *

2.575

3.753

1.467

External rotation (p = 0.003)

1.32 (0.50)

1.07 (0.69)

0.87 (0.47) *

2.105

3.482

1.636

Inversion (p = 0.278)

0.93 (0.36)

0.80 (0.48)

0.79 (0.49)

-

1.393

-

Eversion (p = 0.000)

0.73 (0.25)

0.55 (0.28) *

0.46 (0.25) *

3.332

4.593

1.619

  1. Mean values and standard deviations are expressed in %Nm. Moments are referred to neutral position. Columns 2–4 show mean values and standard deviations; columns 5–7 show t values obtained from the comparisons of C vs D, C vs DN and D vs DN (ANOVA with Bonferroni correction, p < 0.05, t critical value = 2.355).
  2. C: controls; D: diabetic patients without neuropathy; DN: diabetic patients with neuropathy
  3. SD: standard deviation
  4. * C vs D or C vs DN (ANOVA with Bonferroni correction, p < 0.05 and t > 2.355)