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Table 3 Dorsal/plantar flexing moments at the ankle, normalised with respect to body weight * height.

From: Muscle performance and ankle joint mobility in long-term patients with diabetes

 

Mean value (SD)

t value of multiple comparisons

 

C

D

DN

C vs D

C vs DN

D vs DN

Plantar flexion at -15° (p = 0.205)

3.84 (1.27)

3.27 (1.99)

3.31 (1.53)

1.465

-

-

Plantar flexion at 0° (p = 0.328)

3.40 (1.36)

2.99 (1.50)

3.05 (1.26)

1.432

-

-

Plantar flexion at +15° (p = 0.009)

2.49 (1.14)

2.70 (1.40)

1.93 (0.84) §

0.863

2.115

3.075

Plantar flexion at +30° (p = 0.011)

1.40 (0.81)

1.50 (0.70)

1.06 (0.53) §

0.699

2.185

2.990

Dorsal flexion at -15° (p = 0.231)

2.40 (1.26)

2.17 (1.04)

1.96 (1.15)

-

1.718

-

Dorsal flexion at 0° (p = 0.002)

3.14 (1.34)

2.38 (1.31) *

2.21 (1.09) *

2.928

3.292

0.636

Dorsal flexion at +15° (p = 0.000)

3.38 (1.30)

2.45 (1.28) *

2.13 (1.09) *

3.658

4.518

1.223

Dorsal flexion at +30° (p = 0.000)

2.76 (0.85)

2.17 (0.99) *

1.88 (0.83) *

3.172

4.348

1.515

  1. Mean values and standard deviations are expressed in %Nm. Moments are referred to four angular positions in the sagittal plane, with the foot blocked at: 15° of dorsal flexion (-15°); 0° (neutral position); 15° and 30° of plantar flexion (+15°; +30°). Columns 2–4 show mean values and standard deviations; columns 5–7 show t values obtained from the comparisons of C vs D, C vs DN and D vs DN (ANOVA with Bonferroni correction, p < 0.05, t critical value = 2.355).
  2. C: controls; D: diabetic patients without neuropathy; DN: diabetic patients with neuropathy
  3. SD: standard deviation
  4. * C vs D or C vs DN (ANOVA with Bonferroni correction, p < 0.05 and t > 2.355)
  5. §D vs DN (ANOVA with Bonferroni correction, p < 0.05 and t > 2.355)